基于路网可达性的中国新城新区公共服务均衡性水平的度量——以医疗保障为例

基于全国路网进行可达性计算,得到全国新城新区一小时交通圈,并以此为基础,利用互联网开发数据获取的全国医院数据,通过机会累积模型方法对全国551个国家级新城新区进行医疗保障的综合评价,最终将结果量化排序。结果表明:交通方面,可达性范围大的新城新区集中于东部沿海地区,西部地区可达范围较小;医疗保障服务方面,我国新城新区医疗保障服务分布较不均衡,排名前50的新城新区大多数集聚于京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大城市群,排名前五的省级行政区分别为北京市、上海市、重庆市、天津市、陕西省,保障服务较薄弱的新城新区多数分布于新疆省。     

MEDITOMO: a high performance software package for 3D SPECT imaging

We describe a parallel software library, named MEDITOMO, designed for processing MEDIcal images obtained by SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) TOMOgraphic systems. MEDITOMO is the core library of the PSE (problem solving environment) MEDIGRID, oriented to medical imaging analysis, which the authors are currently developing. MEDIGRID is employed in a Grid-computing infrastructure involving clinical departments and research institutes. The algorithms of MEDITOMO are the standard ones that are usually applied in the SPECT analysis, i.e. the conjugate gradient and the expectation maximization. The main contribution of this work concerns the introduction of the total variation seminorm as the edge-preserving regularization in both algorithms and the development of the parallel software library. Experiments carried out on synthetic and clinical data are shown.     

考虑医疗质量差异的医院转诊决策优化

为了解决目前医联体中的转诊不当造成的拥堵问题,针对三级医院和社区医院组成的医疗系统,考虑病人流的转移过程,进行排队网络建模. 设计基于堵塞时长的迭代算法求解稳态性能参数,建立三级医院的决策优化模型,通过内点法求得最优转诊比例. 实验结果表明,优先转诊的病人具有治疗费用低、住院时间长的特点;当医疗质量差异存在时,需要通过优化分析降低病人回流造成的资源浪费.     

模式识别在生物医学工程中的应用

模式识别是一门研究对象描述和分类方法的学科，近年来将模式识别方法应用到生物医学上，成为生物医学工程内的一个热门话题。本文详细介绍了模式识别的基本方法及其在生物医学图像和生物信息学中的应用情况，阐述了它在生物医学工程中应用的实际意义，分析了它作为一交叉学科的发展前景。     

膨胀剂在管道接口中应用成效的可行性分析

简述了膨胀剂的理化性能及膨胀机理，对膨胀剂在排水管道接口中的应用成效进行了可行性分析。     

Lubrication by bionic synovial fluids in the human urinary system

The patient suffers a lot when cystoscopes or catheters are inserted into the urinary system. In order to lower friction whilst being non-poisonous, nonfungoid, and meeting other medical requirements, a new bionic medical lubricant has been synthesised. In tests imitating the friction condition between skin and plastic apparatus, eel fish synovia, white oil, glycerol, polyethylene glycol in aqueous solution, Tween-80, a proprietary medical lubricant, and the candidate fluid were tested. The results of these tests demonstrated that the synthesised lubricant performs best, with eel fish synovia second, and glycerol last. The test fluid has been trialled in some key hospitals (Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shijia Zhuang), and the results showed that about 95% of patients experienced no pain, and about 5% had a slight feeling, with no reported discomfort. The candidate bionic medical lubricant is in use by doctors in medical practice.     

一种基于区块链的医疗数据隐私保护方法

为解决医疗数据的泄露或恶意被窜改以及医疗纠纷问题,提出一种基于区块链的医疗数据隐私保护方法。利用哈希算法加密患者的身份信息,治疗结果通过AES（advanced encryption standard）算法加密,而AES的密钥使用ECC（ellipse curve ctyptography）算法加密,所有的加密密钥、治疗结果、患者身份信息存储到联盟链上。采用群签名技术追溯签名医院,群管理员可以解密医疗数据,将其作为重要依据协助第三方解决医疗纠纷。效率分析表明,在安全性相同情况下,该方法较的加/解密效率比对比方案分别提高了14%和46%,同时分析了群签名各类算法的时间开销。通过与同类方法对比,该方法既可实现患者身份、医疗数据的分类隐私保护,又可保证交易存储开销是合理的,在医疗数据隐私保护领域具有一定的应用价值。     

辐射监测及危害评估是核应急医学救援的先导

针对核与辐射突发事件的医学救援工作,出于减少核事故对工作人员和公众的损害,保证救援人员和公众的健康和安全的目的,本文就应急救援中放射源项识别和威胁类型的确定,从辐射监测及危害评估入手,讨论多学科沟通和多单位合作的框架、内容和意义,从而为更加高效、安全地做好核应急救援提供知识和决策基础。     

国家级核应急医学救援队伍的建设和管理思考

通过梳理我国核应急医学救援队伍建设的基本管理体系、职责任务、行动依据、救援能力方面的现状和不足,结合抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎卫生应急行动中暴露出的问题和经验,对国家级核应急医学救援队伍今后的建设提出了针对性的意见和建议。     

Biocompatible/bioabsorbable silver nanocomposite coatings

A novel biomass‐mediated method to synthesize cellulose‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and incorporate them into biocompatible/bioabsorbable poly‐L ‐lactic acid (PLLA) for producing SNP–PLLA nanocomposite thin films was developed and the antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility of the SNP–PLLA films were studied. The formation and coating morphology of SNPs were characterized with UV–visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the release rate of silver ion from the SNP–PLLA films was determined by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry. Antimicrobial testing of the SNP–PLLA films performed with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli according to ISO 22196 standards demonstrated that the SNP–PLLA nanocomposite films with a SNP concentration of 700 ppm reduced colonies forming unit (CFU) counts by 99.8 and 99.99%, respectively. Despite the significant antimicrobial activity, the nanocomposite films with the same SNP concentration had little effect on the viability of human HeLa cells. This strategy that has been developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles and the formation of composite films demonstrates promise for reducing perioperative surgical site infections associated with indwelling devices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011