软岩大变形隧道最优支护参数选择

目前国内外软岩隧道施工出现了大量变形问题,软岩隧道变形过大将无法实施二次支护,因此软岩隧道施工初期支护参数的设置至关重要.本研究构建了基于统一强度理论的应变软化模型,并结合松动圈理论计算得到锚杆最优支护参数的计算方法.依托软岩隧道A的实际施工,使用数值模拟和现场监测两种方式,验证最优支护参数计算方法的有效性.结果表明:...     

Mathematical model for the pultrusion of blocked PU–UP matrix composites

The thermokinetic behavior of blocked polyurethane (PU)–unsaturated polyester (UP)–based composites during the pultrusion of glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites was investigated utilizing a mathematical model that accounted for the heat transfer and heat generation during curing. The equations of continuity and energy balance, coupled with a kinetic expression for the curing system, were solved using a finite difference method to calculate the temperature profiles and conversion profiles in the thickness direction in a rectangular pultrusion die. A kinetic model, dP/dt = A exp(?E/RT)P^m(1 ? P)ⁿ, was proposed to describe the curing behavior of a blocked PU–UP resin. Kinetic parameters for the model were obtained from dynamic differential scanning calorimetry scans using a multiple regression technique, which was able to predict the effects of processing parameters on the pultrusion. The effects of processing parameters including pulling speed, die wall temperature, and die thickness on the performance of the pultrusion also were evaluated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1996–2002, 2003     

电镀参数对电镀镍层性能的影响

采用脉冲电流方法制备电镀镍层,并利用扫描电镜、光学轮廓仪、硬度计等测试方法研究了电镀参数中的溶液温度和pH对电镀镍层的表面形貌、粗糙度、显微硬度和SiC/Ni刻蚀选择比的影响。结果表明:当镀液温度在45~60℃时,镀镍层表面形貌变化不大,但是随着镀液温度的升高和镀液pH的增大,粗糙度呈先减小后增大的趋势,显微硬度和SiC/Ni刻蚀选择比均呈先增大后减小的趋势。电镀液温度为55℃,pH在4.0~4.4时,可获得具有良好的质量、显微硬度且SiC/Ni刻蚀选择比的镍镀层。     

Cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes: Optimization of preparation parameters

Asymmetric cellulose acetate based membranes usually employed in reverse osmosis as well as in separations in aqueous systems can possibly be applied in the so‐called salinity process of energy generation. For these applications, membranes with a relatively high water permeability (sometimes also called water flux) and low salt permeability (or high salt rejection) are required. In this study the authors present the optimization of such membranes, which concerns the preparation parameters. The membranes studied were prepared from a solution whose composition were previously optimized.⁴ The authors concluded that the optimum preparation parameters are as follows: thickness of the liquid film of 100 μm; 30 s allowed for evaporation of the solvent; and temperature of coagulation bath of 0–4°C and 80–85°C as annealing temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 134–139, 2007     

Al2O3陶瓷粉料的喷雾干燥工艺要点

本文阐述了喷雾造粒过程中的相关制备工艺 ,并通过实验总结出一套合理的工艺控制参数     

循环灰条件下1-甲基萘催化裂解的实验研究

热解气化过程中 ,促进焦油的裂解使之转化为高热值煤气 ,对高挥发分劣质煤和生物质燃料的清洁高效利用具有重要的意义 .在固定床反应器上 ,以石英砂和两种烟煤在循环流化床锅炉上燃烧形成的循环灰为床料 ,实验研究了焦油中含量较高的 1 -甲基萘的裂解反应 ,测定了反应动力学参数 .结果表明 ,与石英砂条件下相比 ,循环灰促进了 1 -甲基萘的裂解 ,反应活化能降低 ,裂解气体的总产率提高     

填料-循环活性污泥系统处理酒精废水试验研究

结合某玉米酒精厂现有循环活性污泥系统(CASS)的不足,提出了利用填料强化该工艺的污染物削减能力的方法,以正交试验的方法,研究了MLSS含量、曝气时间、填料投加量和DO含量4个运行参数对填料-CASS的影响。结果表明,4个因素对COD去除率影响主次顺序为DO的质量浓度>填料投加率>MLSS的质量浓度>曝气时间,优化参数组合为:MLSS的质量浓度4.6 g/L、填料投加率为30%、曝气时间6 h、DO的质量浓度6.5 mg/L,在此条件下,当进水COD和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为540.1～862.47 mg/L和17.61～31.76 mg/L时,出水COD为和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为62.87～90.76 mg/L和0.69～1.01 mg/L,均能满足GB 27631-2011的排放要求;平均去除率分别为89.21%和96.22%。     

加碱煅烧活化粉煤灰工艺参数研究

研究了以碳酸钠为助剂活化粉煤灰的煅烧工艺。采用滴定法测定不同煅烧条件（煅烧温度和煅烧时间）所得活化粉煤灰溶解在氢氧化钠溶液中的硅、铝浓度,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）表征不同煅烧条件（灰碱质量比）所得活化粉煤灰的物相组成,得出粉煤灰较佳煅烧工艺参数：煅烧温度为875 ℃,保温时间为1.5 h,粉煤灰与碳酸钠的质量比为1∶0.87。煅烧后的产物主要以可溶性的硅铝酸钠（NaAlSiO₄）和硅酸钠（Na₂SiO₃）为主,原粉煤灰中的石英、莫来石基本消失,粉煤灰得到充分活化。     

Determination of exchange enthalpy and entropy parameters of poly(dimethyl siloxane) with some n-alkanes by inverse gas chromatography

The total interaction parameter at infinitely high polymer concentration. χ_t^∞, and the effective exchange energy parameter, X̄₁₂, of poly(dimethyl siloxane) with n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and n-nonane were determined around room temperature using the inverse gas chromatography technique. The values of χ_t^∞ are in agreement with corresponding literature values. The exchange enthalpy X₁₂ and entropy, Q₁₂, parameters were determined at the same temperature. The X₁₂ parameters increase with the carbon number of the n-alkanes, while their temperature dependence is almost negligible. The Q₁₂ parameters are approximately independent of temperature and carbon number of the n-alkanes.     

沉淀法制备纳米级粒子的研究——化学原理及影响因素

本文详细介绍了沉淀法制备纳米级粒子的化学原理，重点讨论了反应物浓度，反应温度，表面活性剂，ｐＨ值及反应时间等诸因素对粒子大小，形状的影响。