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21.
The d.c. electrical conductivity of sodium vanadate, rubidium vanadate, cesium vanadate and their solid solutions sodium-rubidium
vanadate and sodium-cesium vanadate were studied by a two-probe method in the temperature range covering their transition
points. The electrical conductivity shows sharp change at the phase transition temperature of these materials. In NaVO3, RbVO3 and CsVO3, increase in d.c. conductivity is observed in the ferroelectric region while nonlinearities are observed above transition
temperatures. In solid solutions, the activation energy in the paraelectric state is higher than that in the ferroelectric
state and depends upon sodium concentration. 相似文献
22.
Wang Xuegang Yan Fengjie Yan Qian Li Xingeng 《Frontiers of Materials Science in China》2007,1(2):225-227
An iron-based amorphous foil (FeNiCrSiB) was used as an interlayer for the amorphous diffusion bonding of low carbon steel
pipes under argon flux. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were analyzed using an electron probe micro-analyzer
(EPMA), tensile test, bending test and impact test. The results show that the joint microstructure resembles that of the base
metal and no precipitates form at the joint. Melting point depressants (B, Si) diffuse far away from the joint and the base
metal element is homogenous across the joint. The joint impact toughness is greater than the base metal toughness and the
mechanical properties of the joint are similar around the pipe. 相似文献
23.
BaMgAl10O17∶Eu2 (BAM) was prepared in the microemulsion system and its phase behavior was studied. There exists a small region in the reverse microemulsion system where the dispersed particles are of spherical form. In this way, BAM blue phosphor with good dispersion can be synthesized. The microemulsion phase diagrams of the pseudo-ternary system (Triton X-100/cosurfactant-oil-BAM brine) were first established intuitively by the dilution method. The microstructure of microemulsions was determined through eyeballing, conductance technique, and polar optical microscopy. Its phase behavior is affected by various factors, such as temperature (room temperature, 30, 40 ℃), oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants in microemulsions. According to the phase diagrams, the microemulsion system of Triton X-100/1-hexanol-hexane-BAM brine was chosen to prepare the precursor. The BAM phosphor can be obtained via sintering the precursor at a comparatively low temperature. The phosphors were characterized by XRD and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectra. 相似文献
24.
M. Guerioune Y. Amiour W. Bounour O. Guellati A. Benaldjia A. Amara N. E. Chakri M. Ali-Rachedi D. Vrel 《International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis》2008,17(1):41-48
Aiming at preparation of shape memory alloys (SMAs), we explored the SHS of Cu1 − x
Zn1 − y
Al1 − z
alloys (0.29 < x < 0.30, 0.74 < y < 0.75, and 0.83 < z < 0.96). The most pronounced shape memory effect was exhibited by the alloys of the following compositions (wt %): (1) Cu(70.6)Zn(25.4)Al(4.0),
(2) Cu(70.1)Zn(25.9)Al(4.0), and (3) Cu(69.9)Zn(26.1)Al(4.0). The effect of process parameters on the synthesis of CuZnAl
alloys was studied by XRD, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The grain size of CuZnAl was found
to depend on the relative amount of the primary CuZn and AlZn phases. Changes in the transformation temperature and heat of
transformation are discussed in terms of ignition intensity and compaction. Mechanism of the process depends on the level
of the temperature attained relative to the melting point of components. At the melting point of AlZn, the process is controlled
by the solid-state diffusion of AlZn into a product layer. The ignition temperature for this system depends on the temperature
of the austenite-martensite transformation in CuZnAl alloys. The composition and structure of the products was found to markedly
depend on process parameters. The SHS technique has been successfully used to prepare a variety of SMAs.
相似文献
25.
The contribution of an oil phase to the agglomeration mechanisms of food powders was evaluated. Maltodextrin (DE 10), palm oil stearin and two palm oil oleins (up to 25% dry mass) were used as food models. Granulation runs were carried out in a pilot plant steam jet agglomerator. The powders containing oleins were more cohesive than those with stearin and the presence of oil changed the agglomeration mechanisms. The size increase mechanism of pure maltodextrin powder was controlled by surface plasticization and agglomerates with suitable instant properties were obtained. Small amount of oil degenerated drastically the rate of dispersion in water of the powders and their agglomerates but the average size and the mechanical resistance of the agglomerates increased when the oil content of the powders increased. SEM micrographs of agglomerates indicated that higher lipid content in the powders produced compact granules, favoring sinkability but hindering their disintegration. Agglomeration enhanced considerably the flowability of the particles containing oil. The dispersion behavior of the powders with higher lipid content could be correlated with the Hausner Number. A pre-agglomeration step favored the blend of the more cohesive powders producing larger and more resistant agglomerates. 相似文献
26.
C. G. Gwie R. J. Griffiths D. T. Cooney M. L. Johns D. I. Wilson 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2006,83(12):1053-1062
The spray-freezing of two food fats, tripalmitin (PPP) and cocoa butter (CB) and mixtures thereof, has been modeled experimentally
using a novel single droplet freezing apparatus configured so that temperature profiles or samples for microstructure analysis
can be obtained. For 2 mm diameter droplets suspended in a cold air flow at temperatures around 2–15°C, initial cooling rates
were on the order of 10 K s−1 and the temperature profiles could be correlated directly to DSC data collected at 20 K min−1, indicating that minimal supercooling of the materials occurred in the droplet form. Microstructure analysis confirmed that
PPP crystallized preferentially in mixtures, and that the surface structure was very sensitive to storage conditions. The
bulk structure was much less sensitive, and the internal microstructure of the PPP droplets revealed distinct nucleation sites,
which were absent from the CB: These persisted in the mixtures up to 50 wt%. X-ray analysis indicated that the fats crystallized
in their more stable forms, namely, β for PPP and Form V/V1 in CB. 相似文献
27.
Jean‐Marc Aldric Philippe Thonart 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(10):1401-1408
BACKGROUND: In the framework of biological processes used for waste gas treatment, the impact of the inoculum size on the start‐up performance needs to be better evaluated. Moreover, only a few studies have investigated the behaviour of elimination capacity and biomass viability in a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) used for waste gas treatment. Lastly, the impact of ethanol as a co‐substrate remains misunderstood. RESULTS: Firstly, no benefit of inoculation with a high cellular density (>1.5 g L?1) was observed in terms of start‐up performance. Secondly, the TPPB was monitored for 38 days to characterise its behaviour under several operational conditions. The removal efficiency remained above 63% for an inlet concentration of 7 g isopropylbenzene (IPB) m?3 and at some time points reached 92% during an intermittent loading phase (10 h day?1), corresponding to a mean elimination capacity of 4 × 10?3 g L?1 min?1 (240 g m?3 h?1) for a mean IPB inlet load of 6.19 × 10?3 g L?1 min?1 (390 g m?3 h?1). Under continuous IPB loading, the performance of the TPPB declined, but the period of biomass acclimatisation to this operational condition was shorter than 5 days. The biomass grew to approximately 10 g L?1 but the cellular viability changed greatly during the experiment, suggesting an endorespiration phenomenon in the bioreactor. It was also shown that simultaneous degradation of IPB and ethanol occurred, suggesting that ethanol improves the biodegradation process without causing oxygen depletion. CONCLUSION: A water/silicone oil TPPB with ethanol as co‐substrate allowed the removal of a high inlet load of IPB during an experiment lasting 38 days. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
28.
In this work, the kinetics and mechanism of free-radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) using potassium peroxydisulphate
(PDS) as water soluble initiator in the presence of synthesized 1, 4-Bis (tributyl methyl ammonium) benzene dichloride (TBMABDC)
as multi-site phase transfer catalyst (MPTC) was studied. The polymerisation reactions were carried out under inert and unstirred
conditions at constant temperature of 60 ± 1°C in cyclohexane/water biphase media. The role of concentrations of monomer,
initiator, catalyst and volume fraction of aqueous phase, solvent polarity and temperature on the rate of polymerisation (Rp)
was ascertained. The order with respect to monomer and initiator was found to be unity. The order with respect to catalyst
was found to be 0.51. The rate of polymerisation is independent of ionic strength and pH of the medium. However, an increase
in the polarity of solvent has slightly increased the Rp value. Based on the results obtained, a suitable kinetic scheme has
been proposed to account for the experimental observations and its significance discussed. 相似文献
29.
主要研究了Cr对低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢组织与力学性能的影响。首先利用Formastor-F型膨胀仪测定了含Cr和不含Cr两种低碳钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,分析指出了Cr对连续退火工艺的潜在影响;然后采用Gleeble-3800热/力模拟试验机对两种钢的薄板试样进行了连续退火模拟实验,并通过拉伸试验测定了力学性能;最后采用金相、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射分析等技术考察分析了两种钢的显微组织。结果表明:含Cr的TRIP钢的组织比较细小,铁素体晶粒近似等轴分布;两种TRIP钢的残余奥氏体含量相近,但含Cr钢的残余奥氏体中的含碳量较高。分析认为这是由于含Cr钢在热轧阶段较易生成细小的组织,而在热处理阶段则抑制贝氏体的生成,最终获得稳定的残余奥氏体。 相似文献
30.