使用改进的分层抽取法研究淤泥沉积过程中的强度变化

现有的分层抽取法不能测试沉积过程中淤泥强度的变化,并且需要使用较多的孔隙水应力传感器导致试验成本很高。因此对此方法进行了改进,主要有研制了可测试强度极低淤泥的室内微型高精度十字板剪切仪和一个孔隙水应力传感器切换测试沉积柱不同高度处孔隙水应力的装置。由试验结果可知实测的数据完全满足需要,证明此方法是可行的。利用改进的分层抽取法可得到淤泥沉积过程中的泥水分界面高度、含水率（密度）、超静孔隙水应力、有效应力、颗粒分布、强度、压缩性、渗透性等参数的变化规律,可研究时间尺度较大的沉积淤泥的大变形自重固结和强度问题,并为进一步进行大变形自重固结的数值模拟提供了基础。     

多层圆柱壳间隙预估研究

为了解由多层圆柱壳构成的装置轴向平面间隙随环境温度的变化,设计了PBX壳的热膨胀系数测定实验,结果表明,PBX壳各型面的热膨胀系数不同;推导了多层圆柱壳轴向平面间隙随环境温度的变化关系式并设计了验证实验,计算值与实测值的误差小于10%。     

Melt processing and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol and polyhydroxyalkanoate multilayer films

Multilayer films for food packaging applications composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) as the core layer and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) as the outer skin layers were produced by the co‐extrusion process. Rheological properties of PVOH and PHA were performed and analyzed before co‐extruding into a cast film. Analysis of the rheological data indicated the processing temperatures and grades of the PVOH and PHA polymers that would produce similar viscosity and melt flow properties. To improve adhesion of the layers, PHA was grafted with maleic anhydride using a dicumyl peroxide initiator to provide a tie layer material, which improved the peel strength of the PHA and PVOH layers by over 2×. Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) testing showed that the multilayer sample provided an OTR of 27 cc/m²‐day at 0% relative humidity (RH) and rates of 41 and 52 cc/m²‐day at relative humidity values of 60% and 90% RH, respectively. This indicates significant barrier performance enhancement over monolayer PVOH that provided an OTR of 60 cc/m²‐day at 0% RH and 999 cc/m²‐day at 60% RH. Biodegradation testing of the films in the marine environment showed that both the unmodified and maleated PHA polymers displayed high levels of mineralization, whereas the PVOH material did not. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

页岩气钻采技术综述

页岩气开采已成为全球资源开发的一个热点。页岩气储集层通常呈低孔、低渗透率,开采寿命长,生产周期长,采收率变化较大,且低于常规天然气采收率。不同于常规天然气的开采特点决定了页岩气开发具有其独特的方式。水平井技术对于扩大页岩气开发具有重大意义,水平井的成本一般是垂直井的1～1．5倍,而产量是垂直井的3倍左右。水平井技术结合geoVISION随钻成像服务和RAB钻头附近地层电阻率仪器等LWD技术可进行更高效、更合理的开采。压裂增产技术是页岩气开采的另一种方式。清水压裂技术用于产生更密集的裂缝网络,形成额外的渗透率,使气体能更容易流向井中,从而生产出大量地层天然气;多层压裂技术常常用于垂直堆叠的致密地层的增产：重复压裂技术用于在不同方向上诱导产生新的裂缝,从而增加裂缝网络,提高生产能力;还有最新的同步压裂技术。即同时对两口或两口以上的井进行压裂。这些压裂技术结合室内实验和测井技术,使得页岩气具有更大的发展潜力。     

Analytical solution for transient temperature and thermal stresses within convective multilayer disks with time-dependent internal heat generation,Part II: Applications

This work investigates the analytical solution for transient temperature and thermal stresses within three circular geometries. First, the transient temperature and thermal stresses within a composite disk are addressed. Then, two examples regarding transient temperature and thermal stresses throughout circular heaters are analyzed. Pulsed and sinusoidal internal heat generations are incorporated into the second and third examples, respectively. For the composite hollow-disk example, merely the separation of variables method (SVM) is used to overcome the energy partial differential equation. For the other two examples, the combination of the SVM and Duhamel's theorem are adopted to solve the partial differential equations. Accordingly, assuming plane stress formulation, the transient thermal stresses within structures are obtained.     

Chaotic mixing behavior of non-Newtonian fluid intensified by multilayer rigid-flexible impeller induced flow field interface instability

The traditional multilayer rigid impeller has large dead zone for the mixing of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid, stable flow field interface and low mixing efficiency. A method for enhancing the chaotic mixing of non-Newtonian fluid by multilayer rigid-flexible impeller induced flow field interface instability was proposed. In the experiment, sodium carboxymethylcellulose was used as the non-Newtonian fluid system. The power characteristics were measured by the torque sensor. The mixing time was determined by the acid-base neutralization and decolorization method. The largest Lyapunov exponents were calculated by using Matlab software programming. The chaotic characteristics and mixing performance in the mixing process are analyzed. The results show that when the combination mode was RF-(PBTD+PBTD+DT), the impeller arrangement mode θ=60°, and the flexible sheet length installation ratio r=0.8, 1.2, the degree of chaos was higher and the mixing performance was better. Multilayer rigid-flexible impeller can generate multiple spiral flows, and realize the flow field interface instability under the disturbance frequency difference of the flexible sheet between the layers, the stirring dead zone was reduced, and the system enters a chaotic state at a lower speed (when the multilayer rigid-flexible impeller system N>88 r/min, LLE>0; when the multilayer rigid impeller system N>125 r/min, LLE>0). At the same speed, the mixing rate and power per unit volume of the multilayer rigid-flexible combined impeller are higher than that of the multilayer rigid impeller, but the mixing energy per unit volume is approximately the same.     

BaTiO3基多层陶瓷电容器抗还原介质材料的研究进展

多层陶瓷电容器(MLCC)是一类重要的片式元器件,内电极的贱金属化已成为其产品开发的主流。MLCC内电极贱金属化的关键技术是获得抗还原性能优异的瓷料,能够与贱金属镍电极实现共烧的BaTiO3基抗还原瓷料的研究是目前MLCC研究的热点。本文综述了BaTiO3基抗还原介质材料的抗还原机理、制备方法及研究进展。     

TC11及表面改性膜层在海水中的微动磨损研究

通过对TC11钛合金进行不同表面改性实验(微弧氧化、N+离子注入、DLC多层膜),得到不同表面改性膜层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和Raman光谱研究表面改性层的相组成和微结构。在模拟海水环境下,采用SRV-IV微动磨损试验机评价TC11合金及不同表面改性膜层的微动磨损性能(摩擦系数、磨损量及磨损机制),并比较抗微动防护效果。结果表明,TC11经改性后摩擦系数呈现不同程度下降,磨损量的降低则非常明显,其中DLC多层膜抗微动防护效果最显著。海水介质中各摩擦系数显著比纯水中低。海水中钛合金的磨损量小于纯水中的数值,腐蚀与磨损呈"负交互作用"规律,而改性层磨损较纯水中略高。     

镁合金表面新颖多层的耐腐蚀Mg-Al金属间化合物涂层(英文)

通过AlCl3-NaCl熔盐扩散表面改性,在镁合金表面制备多层的Mg-Al金属间化合物层。熔盐扩散的处理温度为400 °C,此温度低于纯铝粉扩散的处理温度。熔盐扩散处理后,在镁合金表面形成 Al12Mg17、Al0.58Mg0.42和Al3Mg2多相层的金属间化合物涂层。通过电化学阻抗实验将表面改性和未经表面改性的镁合金的耐蚀性进行比较,发现镁合金表面经过熔盐扩散处理的极化电阻远大于未经表面改性镁合金的。这是因为在镁合金表面形成均匀的多相金属间化合物层。     

6061/AZ31B/6061对称复合板的组织与力学性能研究

本文在理论分析与模拟计算的基础上,通过热轧制备了6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061Al对称复合板,并对其组织结构和力学性能进行了研究。首先通过经典复合板理论计算得到了复合板中6061Al的最佳包覆率,再通过有限元方法模拟得到了复合板的最佳压下率。依据理论分析和仿真计算得到的铝的最佳包覆率和复合板的最佳压下率,对6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061Al复合板进行组坯,并在不同轧制温度、不同压下率和不同退火时间下进行了轧制实验,最后对实验得到的复合板进行了微观组织、拉伸性能和能谱分析。结果表明,在复合板的复合界面处的镁层中发现了再结晶晶粒,且界面上形成了由Mg17Al12和Mg2Al3组成的金属间化合物;随着轧制压下率的增大,6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061Al复合板的拉伸强度、延伸率和界面扩散厚度显著增大;随着轧制温度的升高,复合板的拉伸强度、延伸率和界面扩散厚度也增大;而随着退火时间的增加,复合板的拉伸强度降低,但界面扩散厚度增加。