Structure, corrosion, and hardness properties of Ti/Al multilayers coated on NdFeB by magnetron sputtering

Ti/Al multilayers deposited on sintered NdFeB magnets by direct current magnetron sputtering with ion-beam assistance were studied in this report. Ti layers with a hexagonal close packed structure were obtained in the Ti/Al multilayers. The columnar structure growth of Al layers was successfully interrupted by the intercalated Ti layers. The Ti/Al multilayers showed more compact and uniform surfaces than the Al single layer. The corrosion current densities of the sintered NdFeB magnets coated with Ti/Al multilayers were much lower than that of the Al single layer. The Ti/Al multilayers also presented improved hardness.     

Microstructure modelling and prediction of effective elastic properties of 3D multiphase and multilayer braided composite

Abstract

This paper is focused on the microstructure modelling and evaluation of effective elastic properties of three-dimensional multiphase and multilayer braided composite. Regarding the multiscale characteristics of the composite, the microstructure modelling is carried out sequentially from fibre to tow scale. The geometrical configuration of the microstructure is first analysed, and mathematical relations among different geometrical parameters are derived on each scale. Second, effective elastic properties are obtained based on the sequential homogenisation from fibre to tow scale. A strain energy based method is proposed to evaluate effective elastic properties with specific boundary conditions imposed on the microstructure. Numerical results obtained by the proposed method and the microstructure model show a good agreement with the results measured experimentally.     

多层模板支撑体系设计的几点思考

目前,多层模板支撑体系的设计方法并不完善。本文根据在进行多层模板支撑体系设计中遇到的问题,提出了几点思考:多层模板支撑荷载分配问题、水平荷载如何分配、抗冲切计算、施工人员及设备荷载标准值等。以期引起工程人员的注意,从而减少安全隐患。     

多层PCB中内埋电阻的特性分析及应用

计算、分析了多层PCB内埋平面电阻的特性，并将其应用于一种多层射频板威尔金森功分器的设计，研究并分析了平面电阻尺寸对该功分器射频性能的影响。     

Microstructure and dielectric properties of compositionally graded Ba1-xSrxTiO3 multilayer tunable capacitors

Li₂O/B₂O₃-added Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃ (B_1-xS_xT) ceramics, where 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.35, were well densified at 920 °C with pure perovskite structure. The dielectric constant, tunability, and figure of merit (FOM) of B_1-xS_xT ceramics increased with x because of the decreasing Curie temperature (T_C). The specimen with x = 0.35, whose T_C was close to room temperature, exhibited a large tunability of 27.4 % and FOM of 110 at 10 kV/cm. A compositionally graded multilayer (CGML), which was sintered at 920 °C, was fabricated using B_1-xS_xT thick films to produce a temperature-stable tunable capacitor, and it evinced a dense microstructure and a continuous interface between the B_1-xS_xT thick film and the Ag electrode. This CGML capacitor showed a large tunability (51 %) and FOM (150) at 20 kV/cm. It also exhibited stable tunability (17–28 % at 10 kV/cm) at temperatures between 30–90 °C. Therefore, the B_1-xS_xT CGML capacitor is a suitable candidate for temperature-stable tunable capacitors.     

Artificial Neural Networks for Prediction of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

In this study, we have proposed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate and forecast the number of confirmed and recovered cases of COVID-19 in the upcoming days until September 17, 2020. The proposed model is based on the existing data (training data) published in the Saudi Arabia Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation—Demographics. The Prey-Predator algorithm is employed for the training. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) is used in this study. To improve the performance of MLPNN, we determined the parameters of MLPNN using the prey-predator algorithm (PPA). The proposed model is called the MLPNN–PPA. The performance of the proposed model has been analyzed by the root mean squared error (RMSE) function, and correlation coefficient (R). Furthermore, we tested the proposed model using other existing data recorded in Saudi Arabia (testing data). It is demonstrated that the MLPNN-PPA model has the highest performance in predicting the number of infected and recovering in Saudi Arabia. The results reveal that the number of infected persons will increase in the coming days and become a minimum of 9789. The number of recoveries will be 2000 to 4000 per day.     

Effect of polyelectrolyte size on multilayer conformation and dynamics at different temperatures and salt concentrations

Polyelectrolyte bilayers, which consist of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were simulated with lipid membranes at different temperatures and ion concentrations. Starting with the sequential deposition of PLL and HA above the membrane surface, PLL and HA become completely mixed, leading to the formation of stable bilayers. PLL/HA bilayers are thicker at higher salt concentration because of weakened electrostatic interactions between PLLs and membrane lipids, in agreement with experiments. This salt effect decreases as PLL size increases. Also, bilayers become thinner at higher temperature because of the increased surface area of membrane. In particular, regardless of temperature and salt concentration, larger PLLs induce thicker bilayers, although larger PLLs have lower diffusivities than do smaller ones. Bilayers with larger PLLs show larger vacancy (more water) inside the bilayer, indicating that larger PLLs are less densely stacked on membrane surface than do smaller ones and thus form the thicker bilayer. These findings show the lower diffusivity of larger polyelectrolytes, which supports the experimental observation regarding the restricted diffusion of large polymers, and also imply the dependence of bilayer thickness on the polymer size.     

CuBr2‐induced charge screening on photoactive nanocolloidal polypyrrole:poly(styrene sulfonate) composite multilayer thin‐film counter electrodes for high‐efficiency dye‐sensitized solar cells

Nanocolloidal polypyrrole (PPy):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) particles were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using 15 wt% of PSS. The highly processable polymer composite (PPy:PSS) was spin‐coated at 4000 rpm on fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass and subsequently employed as a counter electrode (CE) for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). PPy:PSS multilayer (one, three, five) CEs were treated with CuBr₂ salt, which enhances the efficiency of the DSCs. Optical studies reveal that a bulkier counterion hinders interchain interactions of PPy which on salt treatment shows a moderate redshift in absorption maxima. Salt‐treated PPy:PSS films exhibit lower charge transfer resistance, higher surface roughness and better catalytic performance for the reduction of I₃^?, when compared with untreated films. The improved catalytic performance of salt‐treated PPy:PSS multilayer films is attributed to charge screening and conformational change of PPy, along with the removal of excess PSS. Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight illumination, salt treatment is shown to boost the efficiency of multilayer PPy:PSS composite film‐based DSCs, leading to enhanced power conversion efficiency of 6.18, 6.33 and 6.37% for one, three and five layers, respectively. These values are significantly higher (ca 50%) than those for corresponding devices without CuBr₂ salt treatment (3.48, 2.90 and 2.01%, respectively). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

极紫外啁啾多层膜反射镜的拟合分析

设计并制备了极紫外啁啾多层膜反射镜,利用同步辐射反射率测试装置完成了样品反射率的测试,采用单纯形算法拟合了反射率测试曲线,分析了顶层Si的氧化对拟合结果的影响.拟合结果表明,2块样品的Si-on-Mo粗糙度为0.4 nm和0.5 nm,Mo-on-Si粗糙度为0.8 nm和0.9 nm,顶层Si的氧化是影响极紫外啁啾多层膜反射镜反射率的重要因素.     

脉冲偏压频率对TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层膜结构和性能的影响规律

目的 研究脉冲偏压频率对TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜结构和性能的影响,优化工艺参数,以提高薄膜的性能.方法 采用脉冲偏压电弧离子镀,在M2高速钢和单晶硅基底上以不同脉冲偏压频率沉积TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪和纳米压痕仪,研究脉冲偏压频率对TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜的表面形貌、元素成分、截面形貌、相结构和纳米硬度的影响.结果 TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜表面的大颗粒直径主要集中在1μm以下,随着脉冲偏压频率的变化,大颗粒的数量为184～234,所占面积为40.686～63.87μm2;主要元素为Ti元素和N元素,所占原子比分别为48％和50％,Si和Al元素的含量较少;多层结构不明显,截面形貌可观察到柱状晶的细化,80 kHz时出现片状化结构;以(111)晶面为择优取向,晶粒尺寸在20 nm左右;纳米硬度为28.3～32.3 GPa,弹性模量为262.5～286.8 GPa.结论 50 kHz时,TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜表面大颗粒的数量最少,为184个;70 kHz时大颗粒所占面积最小,为40.686μm2;晶粒尺寸在50～60 kHz时发生细化,60 kHz时,晶粒尺寸达到最小值19.366 nm,纳米硬度和弹性模量分别达到最大值32.3 GPa和308.6 GPa,脉冲偏压频率的最佳频率范围为50～70 kHz.