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101.
Constructing all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) cathodes with efficient charge transport and mechanical flexibility is challenging but critical for the practical applications of ASSLSBs. Herein, a multiscale structural engineering of sulfur/carbon composites is reported, where ultrasmall sulfur nanocrystals are homogeneously anchored on the two sides of graphene layers with strong S C bonds (denoted as S@EG) in chunky expanded graphite particles via vapor deposition method. After mixing with Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3 (LSPSCL) solid electrolytes (SEs), the fabricated S@EG-LSPSCL cathode with interconnected “Bacon and cheese sandwich” feature can simultaneously enhance electrochemical reactivity, charge transport, and chemomechanical stability due to the synergistic atomic, nanoscopic and microscopic structural engineering. The assembled InLi/LSPSCL/S@EG-LSPSCL ASSLSBs demonstrate ultralong cycling stability over 2400 cycles with 100% capacity retention at 1 C, and a record-high areal capacity of 14.0 mAh cm−2 at a record-breaking sulfur loading of 8.9 mg cm−2 at room temperature as well as high capacities with capacity retentions of ≈100% after 600 cycles at 0 and 60 °C. Multiscale structural engineered sulfur/carbon cathode has great potential to enable high-performance ASSLSBs for energy storage applications.  相似文献   
102.
    
3D objects with features spanning from microscale to macroscale have various applications. However, the fabrication of such objects presents challenges to additive manufacturing (AM) due to the tradeoffs among manufacturable feature resolution, maximum build area, and printing speed. This paper presents a projection-based AM process called hopping light vat photopolymerization (HL-VPP) to address this critical barrier. The key idea of HL-VPP is to synchronize linear scanning projection with a galvo mirror's rotation. The projector moves continuously at a constant speed while periodically rotating a one-axis galvo mirror to compensate for the projector's linear movement so synchronized hopping motion can be achieved. By this means, HL-VPP can simultaneously achieve large-area (over 200 mm), fast-speed (scanning speed of 13.5 mm s-1), and high-resolution (10 µm pixel size) fabrication. The distinguishing characteristic of HL-VPP is that it allows for hundreds of times lower refresh rates without motion blur. Thus, HL-VPP decouples the fabrication efficiency limit imposed by the refresh rate and will enable super-fast curing in the future. This work will significantly advance VPP's use in applications that require macroscale part size with microscale features. The process has been verified by fabricating multiple multiscale objects, including microgrids and biomimetic structures.  相似文献   
103.
    
Human activity recognition (HAR) has significant potential in virtual sports applications. However, current HAR networks often prioritize high accuracy at the expense of practical application requirements, resulting in networks with large parameter counts and computational complexity. This can pose challenges for real-time and efficient recognition. This paper proposes a hybrid lightweight DSANet network designed to address the challenges of real-time performance and algorithmic complexity. The network utilizes a multi-scale depthwise separable convolutional (Multi-scale DWCNN) module to extract spatial information and a multi-layer Gated Recurrent Unit (Multi-layer GRU) module for temporal feature extraction. It also incorporates an improved channel-space attention module called RCSFA to enhance feature extraction capability. By leveraging channel, spatial, and temporal information, the network achieves a low number of parameters with high accuracy. Experimental evaluations on UCIHAR, WISDM, and PAMAP2 datasets demonstrate that the network not only reduces parameter counts but also achieves accuracy rates of 97.55%, 98.99%, and 98.67%, respectively, compared to state-of-the-art networks. This research provides valuable insights for the virtual sports field and presents a novel network for real-time activity recognition deployment in embedded devices.  相似文献   
104.
    
Reduced order models (ROMs) are often coupled with concurrent multiscale simulations to mitigate the computational cost of nonlinear computational homogenization methods. Construction (or training) of ROMs typically requires evaluation of a series of linear or nonlinear equilibrium problems, which itself could be a computationally very expensive process. In the eigenstrain-based reduced order homogenization method (EHM), a series of linear elastic microscale equilibrium problems are solved to compute the localization and interaction tensors that are in turn used in the evaluation of the reduced order multiscale system. These microscale equilibrium problems are typically solved using either the finite element method or semi-analytical methods. In the present study, a reduced order variational spectral method is developed for efficient computation of the localization and interaction tensors. The proposed method leads to a small stiffness matrix that scales with the order of the reduced basis rather than the number of degrees of freedom in the finite element mesh. The reduced order variational spectral method maintains high accuracy in the computed response fields. A speedup higher than an order of magnitude can be achieved compared to the finite element method in polycrystalline microstructures. The accuracy and scalability of the method for large polycrystals and increasing phase property contrast are investigated.  相似文献   
105.
    
The vibration characterization of ultra-thick laminates widely used in aerospace and marine industries was different from that of thin laminates. However, modal testing and simulation methods were generally limited to relatively thin laminates. To explore the vibration behavior of ultra-thick laminates, a novel multiscale simulation technology based on the representative volume modal strain energy (RVMSE) method is presented for predicting modal damping in this paper. The adaptive Greedy-Based Generation (GBG) algorithm is used to create a 3D random distribution of fibers for composites. Modal shape information of the structure is obtained according to the Lanczos algorithm, which is used as an input parameter for the microscopic model. This is followed by homogenization based on the volumetric analysis performed on representative volume elements (RVEs) to determine the strain energy in six directions. The calculation of modal damping is performed by using the modal strain energy (MSE) method and the damping properties of the six directions. The fast rate of convergence and high accuracy of the method are demonstrated through different examples. The vibration response predictions produced by novel RVMSE methodology are shown to closely match experimental measurements, providing scope to expand the application of this approach to more complex, ultra-thick laminate components.  相似文献   
106.
    
The densification and sintering of ceramics using microwaves is first reported in the mid-1960s. Today, the reduced carbon footprint of this process has renewed interest as it uses less energy overall compared to conventional process heating/furnaces. However, scaling up and commercializing the microwave sintering process of ceramics remains a formidable challenge. As a contactless method, microwave sintering offers geometric flexibility over other field-assisted sintering processes. Yet, the inability to address multiscale, multiphysics-driven heterogeneities arising during microwave coupling limits discussions about a future scale-up process. Herein, the case is made that unlike 60 years ago, new advances in multiscale computational modeling, materials characterization, control systems, and software open up new avenues for addressing these challenges. More importantly, the rise of additive manufacturing techniques demands the innovation of sintering processes in the ceramics community for realizing near-net-shaped and complex parts for applications ranging from medical implants to automotive and aerospace parts.  相似文献   
107.
108.
    
The efficiency of CO2 electroreduction has been largely limited by the activity of the catalysts as well as the three-phase interface. Herein, a multiscale strategy is proposed to synthesize hierarchical nanofibers covered by carbon nanotubes and embedded with cobalt nanoparticles (Co/CNT/HCNF). The confinement effect of carbon nanotubes can restrict the diameter of the cobalt particles down to several nanometers and prevent the easy corrosion of these nanoparticles. The three-dimensional carbon nanofibers, in size range of several hundred nanometers, improve the electrochemically active surface area, facilitate electron transfer, and accelerate CO2 transportation. These cross-linked carbon nanofibers eventually form a freestanding Co/CNT/HCNF membrane of dozens of square centimeters. Consequently, Co/CNT/HCNF produces CO with 97% faradaic efficiency at only ?0.4 VRHE cathode potential in an H-type cell. From the regulation of catalyst nanostructure to the design of macrography devices, Co/CNT/HCNF membrane can be directly used as the gas-diffusion compartment in a flow cell device. Co/CNT/HCNF membrane generates CO with faradaic efficiencies higher than 90% and partial current densities greater than 300 mA cm?2 for at least 100-h stability. This strategy provides a successful example of efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction and also has the feasibility in other self-standing energy conversion devices.  相似文献   
109.
    
Colloidal composites, translating the great potential of nanoscale building bricks into macroscopic dimensions, have emerged as an appealing candidate for new materials with applications in optics, energy storage, and biomedicines. However, it remains a key challenge to bridge the size regimes from nanoscopic colloidal particles to macroscale composites possessing mechanical robustness. Herein, a bottom-up approach is demonstrated to manufacture colloidal composites with customized macroscopic forms by virtue of the co-assembly of nanosized soft polymeric micelles and hard inorganic nanoparticles. Upon association, the hairy micellar corona can bind with the hard nanoparticles, linking individual hard constituents together in a soft-hard alternating manner to form a collective entity. This permits the integration of block copolymer micelles with controlled amounts of hard nanoparticles into macroscopic colloidal composites featuring diverse internal microstructures. The resultant composites showed tunable microscale mechanical strength in a range of 90–270 MPa and macroscale mechanical strength in a range of 7–42 MPa for compression and 2–24 MPa for bending. Notably, the incorporation of soft polymeric micelles also imparts time- and temperature-dependent dynamic deformability and versatile capacity to the resulting composites, allowing their application in the low-temperature plastic processing for functional fused silica glass.  相似文献   
110.
    
The multiscale model of building structures, as a balanced solution between accuracy and cost, has been widely used in the analysis of structural seismic performance. A reasonable interface connection method can accurately ensure load transfer and motion coordination between models of different scales. In this paper, a novel interface connection device and the corresponding design method for a multiscale test model of building structures were proposed, in which the upper structure with smaller sized components was replaced by a simplified story-scale model, and the lower structure was adopted as a component-scale model. The overall and local equations of motion for this multiscale model were established. For the interface connection between different scale models, a design method considering multiparametric similarity of shear force, axial force, and bending moment was proposed. In this method, the internal nodes at the interface of the component scale model were decomposed, and the coupling relationship of internal force between two adjacent nodes was established. The axial force of each node was decoupled into the interstory shear force and bending moment provided together. Additionally, the overturning moment is provided by adding the overlapping domain. According to the equilibrium relationships of the nodes at the interface, the corresponding transfer matrix was provided, and the design method of the interface connection device was proposed. The accuracy and feasibility of the method were validated by static and shaking table tests on a frame structure.  相似文献   
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