海藻多糖与有机物料对烟草青枯病的防控效果

为探究海藻多糖与其他有机物料混合使用对烟草青枯病的防控效果,以烤烟品种NC102为试验材料进行田间试验,设置不同用量海藻多糖与微生物菌肥、草木灰、贝壳粉、生物炭等有机物料的组合处理,分析了不同处理对烟草农艺性状和经济性状、土壤理化性质、烤后烟叶化学成分的影响,以及土壤理化性质与烟草青枯病发病率和病情指数的相关性。结果表明,与对照相比,海藻多糖与有机物料的施用普遍促进了团棵期和旺长期的烟株生长发育,提高了土壤pH和有机质含量,降低了烟草青枯病的发病率和病情指数;烤后烟叶经济性状和主要化学成分也有不同程度的提升。Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤有机质含量和pH与青枯病发病率和病情指数之间存在极显著的负相关关系。500倍海藻多糖稀释液在50~100 mL/株的范围内,用量越高,效果越好;组合处理中草木灰+海藻多糖75 mL/株处理效果最好。通过增加海藻多糖和有机物料,调节土壤pH或增加土壤有机质含量有助于控制青枯病的发生。     

An effective method of bulk materials moisture measurement using capacitive sensors

When we speak about capacitance moisture meters for bulk materials we have to face with different values of dielectric permittivity for different bulk materials in dehydrated state, what causes a method error that can be named ‘type uncertainty’. Besides, different varieties of the same material have different values of dielectric permittivity, which depend from geographical origin, processing conditions etc. It can be hardly predicted automatically and type uncertainty can be compensated only in separate situations with the help of preliminary calibration. Main tasks of the research are to develop new comparison principle of moisture measurement with better accuracy due to effective compensation of physical, chemical and granulometric composition influence on the result of moisture measurement, develop new primary and secondary instrument transducers. Moisture sensor consists of four measuring capacitors. Two of them should be filled with a sample, which moisture content should be determined, and other pair of measuring capacitors should be filled with a same substance, but previously dehydrated. Mathematical models, developed to take into account granulometric composition of a bulk material were used to carry out a comparison analysis for three types of instrument measuring transducers. Obtained results proved that suggested principle of moisture measurement provides effective compensation of granulometric composition influence. Developed measuring principle had been experimentally tested what helped to confirm that it provides two times better compensation of different physical and chemical composition for different materials in comparison with the direct comparison method.     

纳米结晶纤维素的常见制备方法及其改性应用

纳米结晶纤维素作为一种天然、可再生、无污染的高分子材料,其突出的理化性能和可生物降解性等在功能材料领域有着广阔的应用前景。对于纳米结晶纤维素的相关研究主要集中在制备、表面改性和应用方面,本文从上述三个方面综述了纳米结晶纤维素的研究现状,并对其进一步的研究趋势和发展方向进行了展望。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定纸质食品包装材料中富马酸二甲酯

建立了微波辅助萃取气相色谱-质谱测定纸质食品包装材料中富马酸二甲酯的分析方法。以乙酸乙酯为萃取溶剂,采用微波辅助萃取法提取纸质食品包装材料中的富马酸二甲酯,萃取液浓缩后,经过中性氧化铝小柱脱脂净化、无水硫酸钠脱水后,用气相色谱-质谱仪分析。结果表明:方法检出限为0.1mg/kg,加标回收率为82.5%~98.2%,重复测量结果之间的相对标准偏差为3.4%。该方法具有快速、方便、准确度高等优点。     

4-Nonylphenol (NP) in food-contact materials: Analytical methodology and occurrence

Nonylphenol is a recognized environmental contaminant, but it is unclear whether its occurrence in food arises only through environmental pathways or also during the processing or packaging of food, as there are reports that indicate that materials in contact with food such as rubber products and polyvinylchloride wraps can contain nonylphenol. A review of the literature has highlighted the scarcity of robust analytical methodology or data on the occurrence of nonylphenol in packaging materials. This paper describes a methodology for the determination of nonylphenol in a variety of packaging materials, which includes plastics, paper and rubber. The method uses either Soxhlet extraction or dissolution followed by solvent extraction (depending on the material type), followed by purification using adsorption chromatography. Procedures were internally standardized using ¹³C-labelled nonylphenol and the analytes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method is validated and data relating to quality parameters such as limits of detection, recovery, precision and linearity of measurement are provided. Analysis of a range of 25 food-contact materials found nonylphenol at concentrations of 64–287 µg g^?1 in some polystyrene and polyvinylchloride samples. Far lower concentrations (<0.03–1.4 µg g^?1) were detected in the other materials. It is possible that occurrence at the higher levels has the potential for migration to food.     

超疏水纸基功能材料的应用研究进展

具有绿色环保、高性能、低成本等优点的纸基功能材料受到诸多关注。为突破纸基材料自身纤维亲水性等瓶颈,大量研究赋予了纸基材料优异的超疏水性能,从而制备了具有高附加值的纸基超疏水功能材料。本文主要阐述了超疏水纸基功能材料的最新应用研究进展,如油/水分离、食品包装、智能响应装置、传感器等新器件与装备领域,并对超疏水纸基功能材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

两种萃取溶剂对塑料食品包装材料上 有机污染物检测效果的影响

目的 检测两种萃取溶剂对塑料食品包装材料上有机污染物检测效果的影响。方法 分别以正己烷和无水乙醇为萃取溶剂对塑料食品包装材料上污染物进行超声提取, 提取后用旋转蒸发浓缩, 最后采用气相色谱-质谱联机(GC-MS)分析方法以离子化方式对浓缩的污染物进行表征。结果 正己烷作为萃取溶剂能萃取出抗氧化剂2, 6-二叔丁基对甲酚、增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、油墨生产中所用的溶剂正十六烷; 乙醇作为萃取溶剂能萃取出抗氧化剂2, 6-二叔丁基对甲酚、油墨生产中所用的溶剂正十六烷和正二十烷。结论 正己烷作为萃取溶剂的提取效果要比乙醇作为萃取溶剂提取效果好。     

A review of dietary exposure and toxicological information on epoxidised soybean oil (ESBO) in food-contact applications

ABSTRACT

Plasticisers have a long history of use in the industrial manufacture and processing of polymers for the purpose of increasing the flexibility and strength of the material. Approximately, 80–90% of the plasticiser market is devoted to the production of PVC, a highly versatile thermoplastic used to produce both rigid and flexible articles. Many types of plasticisers, including ortho-phthalate esters (OPE), can be added to PVC to impart flexibility. Recently, alternatives to OPEs, such as epoxy esters and aliphatic adipates, are becoming more prevalent for use in PVC-based food-contact articles. Epoxidised soybean oil (ESBO) is used as a plasticiser in flexible PVC for many food-contact articles, including food packaging and food processing equipment, from which it can potentially migrate into food and become a component of an individual’s daily diet. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the US dietary exposure and toxicological information on ESBO used in PVC-based food-contact articles. The cumulative dietary concentration (CDC) and cumulative estimated daily intake (CEDI) for ESBO from its use as a plasticiser in PVC-based food-contact articles (i.e. gaskets for glass jar lids and film wraps) was calculated to be 2.6 mg/kg (i.e. ppm) and 0.13 mg/kg bw/d, respectively, for the general population. Some regulatory agencies have reported safety levels for ESBO, and the most conservative no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was identified to be 100 mg/kg bw/d (i.e. 2000 ppm) based on a two-year feeding study in rats. The current CEDI is well below these levels, supporting the safe use of ESBO in food-contact applications.     

Long-term wear effects on nanosilver release from commercially available food contact materials

ABSTRACT

Potential consumer exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) from nanoenabled food contact materials (FCMs) has been a driving force for migration studies of NPs from FCMs. Although NP migration from fresh, unused FCMs was not previously observed, conditions that result in significant changes to the surface of FCMs have not been investigated for NP migration into food. Therefore, a quantitative assessment of nanoparticle release from commercially available nanosilver-enabled FCMs was performed using an abrasion protocol to simulate cleaning, cutting, scraping and other stressful use conditions. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) analysis showed a general increase in root mean square (RMS) roughness after FCM abrasion, and particle count (for particle sizes from 80 nm to 960 nm) at the surface was 4 orders of magnitude higher for the abraded FCMs. Migration was evaluated using both water and 3% (v/v, volume fraction) acetic acid as food simulants. Low concentrations of total Ag were detected in water simulants with a small portion (<10 ng dm^?2) in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Median particle diameter ranged from 39 nm to 50 nm with particle number concentrations on the order of 10⁶ particles dm^{? 2}. Total Ag migration into 3% (v/v) acetic acid was significantly higher than in water; however, 3% (v/v) acetic acid was not suitable for evaluation of NP release due to dissolution of AgNPs to Ag⁺ under acidic solution chemistries.     

同时蒸馏萃取技术分析酿酒原料青稞中挥发性化合物的研究

建立了同时蒸馏萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用技术（SDE-GC/MS）分析青稞中挥发性化合物的方法,获得 26 种组分的定性和定量结果。采用这一技术对瓦蓝、肚里黄、白青稞、黑老鸭等四种青稞酒原料进行分析,结果表明不同青稞品种间化合物种类接近又各具特点。本研究还对同时蒸馏萃取技术参数优化、青稞中主要挥发性组分进行了分析研究。