静电纺丝技术的应用及其发展前景

静电纺丝是一种新概念、新技术,它可以制备出直径为纳米级的细丝,从而成为纳米技术研究领域的一个新热点。随着纳米技术的不断发展,静电纺丝技术备的纳米纤维应用将越来越广泛,其发展前景十分广阔。为此,国内外学者对静电纺丝技术进行了详细研究。本文对静电纺纳米纤维的应用及其发展前景进行了详细综述。     

Inverted emulsion polymerization route to polyaniline‐3D nanofiber network using sulfonated‐p‐cresol as novel dopant

Sulfonated‐p‐cresol (SPC) was used as novel dopant for the first time in the synthesis of polyaniline in 3D nanofiber networks (PANI‐3D). Polyaniline in 3D nanofiber network was prepared using organic solvent soluble benzoyl peroxide as oxidizing agent in presence of SPC and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) surfactant via inverted emulsion polymerization pathway. The influence of synthesis conditions such as the concentration of the reactants, stirring/static condition, and temperature etc., on the properties and formation of polyaniline nanofiber network were investigated. Polyaniline in 3D nanofiber network with 40–160 nm (diameter), high yield (134 wt % with respect to aniline used), and reasonably good conductivity (0.1 S/cm) was obtained in 24 h time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

导电聚合物纳米纤维的成型

系统论述了纳米纤维成型加工新方法和导电聚合物纳米级长丝、原纤及纳米线的成型 ,提出了纳米纤维未来的潜在研究方向。指出静电纺丝法可制得导电聚合物纳米长丝 ,其直径取决于纺丝工艺参数 ;模板合成法可制得导电聚合物纳米原纤及其取向阵列 ,其直径及长度与所用模板孔径及厚度一致 ;电化学合成法可制得聚苯胺和富勒烯衍生物掺杂聚苯胺的纳米线及其电接触性良好的二维、三维非周期纳米网络。聚苯胺长丝的最小直径已控制在 1 0 0nm以下 ,聚苯胺分别与聚氧乙烯和聚苯乙烯形成的共混纤维最小直径分别为 950nm和 72nm ,聚吡咯原纤直径可达 30nm。导电聚合物纳米纤维的电导率随直径下降而急剧上升 ,展示出诱人的性能及应用前景     

钛酸盐纳米纤维形貌控制及固体碱催化性能

研究了钛前驱体、碱种类和合成温度对水热法制备钛酸盐纳米纤维形貌的影响。结果显示,以无定形钛凝胶为前驱体和KOH为碱,均有利于形成无孔的钛酸盐纳米纤维,在90℃下得到了形貌均一,长径比为1 000,比表面积为311 m2/g的钛酸盐纳米纤维。以钛酸盐纳米纤维为载体,采用浸渍法负载了碱金属卤化物作为固体碱催化剂。该催化剂在环氧丙烷醇化制备丙二醇单甲醚的反应中,降低了反应温度、缩短了反应时间,表现出良好的碱催化活性。CO2-TPD结果显示,掺杂后的催化剂的碱含量是空白载体的两倍,并出现中强碱活性中心。     

碳纤维多尺度增强体的研究进展

介绍了碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳纳米纤维等碳纳米材料修饰的碳纤维多尺度增强体的构筑方法（化学气相沉积法、化学接枝法、电化学沉积法、上浆剂复合法和“grafting to”法）及其对复合材料界面力学性能的影响机理.针对碳纤维多尺度增强体的优势和不足,指出需通过界面设计进一步提高碳纤维与碳纳米材料之间的作用强度,氧化石墨烯/碳纤维复合增强体及其对复合材料性能的增强机制是下一步研究的焦点,连续生产碳纤维多尺度增强体也将成为重要的发展方向.     

Electrospun Polyvinyl Borate/Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PVB/PMMA) Blend Nanofibers

The aim of this study was to prepare polyvinyl borate (PVB)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend nanofibers by electrospinning process. Polyvinyl borate was synthesized by the condensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid. FTIR analyses showed that boron atoms were found to be integrated into the polymer network. Blending PMMA with PVB decreased the fiber diameter and enhanced the surface roughness of PVB/PMMA blend nanofiber mats. The water wetting property of the nanofiber mats was influenced by the surface roughness. The blend composition with the highest polyvinyl borate content was found to be suitable for thermally stable nanofiber formation.     

Development of nanofiber based immunosorbent surface for the removal of fluoxetine from breast milk

Abstract

In this study, novel bioactive material has been identified for the removal of fluoxetine from breast milk. For this purpose, the poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (acrylic acid) based nanofiber with an antibody immobilized has been developed. The efficiency of this nanofiber was compared with the control pore glass (CPG) either in milk. The bioactive nanofiber removed fluoxetine significantly higher than the CPG. The efficiency of the fluoxetine removal with the nanofiber was 98% in breast milk. In conclusion, the nanofiber based immunosorbent surface that is developed in this study was found to be efficient for chemical sensing of fluoxetine.     

Study on the Anti-Coking Nature of Ni/SrTiO3 Catalysts by the CH4 Pyrolysis

A solid phase crystallization (spc) method was applied for the preparation of SrTiO₃-supported Ni catalysts and compared to the impregnation (imp) method. spc-Ni_0.2/SrTiO₃ has highly dispersed and stable Ni metal particles resulting in higher activity and higher sustainability against coking than imp-Ni_0.2/SrTiO₃ in the partial oxidation of CH₄. Both catalysts were tested for the CH₄ pyrolysis in order to elucidate the catalytic nature against coking of spc-Ni_0.2/SrTiO₃. The amount of carbon and the rate of H₂ formation were similar over both catalysts at both 773 and 1073 K. On both catalysts, CH₄ continuously decomposed at 773 K, while the rate of CH₄ pyrolysis quickly decreased at 1073 K. Fibrous carbons grew up with a Ni metal particle on the tip of the fiber at 773 K, while carbon balls and short carbon fibers with a Ni metal particle encapsulated inside formed and no sufficient growth of the fiber was observed at 1073 K. The carbon species formed at 773 K was hydrogenated completely to CH₄ around 873 K, while the hydrogenation of that formed at 1073 K needed higher temperature around 1073 K. However, the carbon species formed on both the catalysts at either 773 or 1073 K was completely oxidized around 773 K. Thus, judging from the anti-coking nature, the behaviors in the CH₄ pyrolysis are similar over both catalysts, nonetheless spc-Ni_0.2/SrTiO₃ was far superior to imp-Ni_0.2/SrTiO₃ in the CH₄ oxidation. It is likely that the high sustainability against coking of spc-Ni_0.2/SrTiO₃ is not due to its intrinsic nature suppressing the coking but due to its high activity of reforming which can quickly eliminate the carbon formed on the catalyst surface.     

Selective molecularly imprinted polymer nanofiber sorbent for the extraction of bisphenol A in a water sample

Novel molecularly imprinted polymer nanofibers (MIP‐NFs) were prepared for the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) in a water sample using the sol–gel process and the electrospinning technique. The effects of a number of synthesis parameters on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. The successful removal of BPA from MIP‐NFs was studied using UV–visible spectroscopy. The prepared MIP‐NFs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field emission SEM, TEM and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The results showed that the required molar ratio of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to BPA was 15:1, which indicates a good performance in the rebinding test. Likewise, the molar ratio of APTES:acid:water was 1:2:9. The nylon 6 polymer solution, with a concentration of 12 wt%, showed a maximum adsorption capacity for BPA due to a decrease in the nanofiber diameter and an increase in the accessible sites. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of BPA was achieved at pH 7. Concerning the binding of BPA on MIP‐NFs, the experimental data matched well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics data and the Sips isotherm model. The saturated binding capacity for MIP‐NFs was predicted to be 115.1 mg g^?1, which was more than twice as high as that for non‐imprinted polymer nanofibers (46.82 mg g^?1). The results obtained in this study confirmed that the prepared MIP‐NFs showed considerable binding specificity for BPA in comparison with similar structural compounds such as phenol, naphthol and Naphthol AS, in aqueous solution. The binding capacity of MIP‐NFs remained almost constant after five cycles of reuse. The real sample analysis indicated that MIP‐NFs could be utilized as a useful sorbent material for the extraction of BPA from a water sample.     

Usage of bioactivated PCL nanofiber as a fluoxetine capturing matrix in milk

ABSTRACT

In this study, for the first time, polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber matrix was bioactivated for the removal of fluoxetine from milk. Bioactivated nanofiber was prepared by immobilizing fluoxetine antibody on PCL nanofiber matrix. The fluoxetine removal efficiency of bioactivated nanofiber in milk was found to be approximately 93.6%. This removal did not significantly change the biochemical composition of milk. In conclusion, as a novel product, bioactivated nanofibrous PCL matrix can be used for the removal of drugs or unwanted chemicals from breast milk or from other fluids.