三维打印碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料热残余解析解

三维打印碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料因层间材料失配和打印过程中梯度降温而产生热残余现象,影响工件成形质量。本文取代简单的同步降温假设,提出了符合实际制备工艺的梯度降温概念,据此建立了三维打印正交铺层复合材料板和梁的热残余变形和应力的解析解。为反映三维打印过程中随时序动态变化的制备和降温过程,考虑每层制备轮次的降温梯度并进行热残余分析,最后合成得到热残余变形和应力。讨论了4种梯度降温模式,覆盖了所有可能的三维打印工艺。以CFRP复合材料三维打印为例,验证了本文解析解的精度和可靠性,显示了同步降温假设会产生显著的误差,表明热残余水平与降温梯度成正比,讨论了铺层方式对热残余的影响。为优化三维打印CFRP复合材料的结构设计和制备工艺、降低热残余水平提供了可靠的分析方法。      

低温环境下测试复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性的简易方法

目前ASTM复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性测试标准需不断观测裂纹扩展长度。然而在低温环境下,裂纹扩展长度不易测量且过程繁琐。为克服这一缺陷,本文采用双柔度法测试复合材料低温环境下Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性,该方法的步骤与ASTM标准基本相同,但不需观测裂纹扩展长度便能获得低温下Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性。为了验证该方法的可靠性和精度,采用5件碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料双悬臂梁（DCB）试样在-10℃环境下进行Ⅰ型层间裂纹扩展实验,应用ASTM标准所推荐的三种方法及本文的双柔度法进行数据处理获得复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性。结果表明:ASTM标准的三种方法与双柔度法得到的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性结果一致,相对差别小于5%,而本文的双柔度法不需测量裂纹扩展长度,因此更简单,为测试低温环境下Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性提供了一种准确、简单的新方法。      

基于细观力学的大开孔层合板缝合补强力学性能计算的新方法基于细观力学的大开孔层合板缝合补强力学性能计算的新方法

从细观力学的角度出发,考虑了面内纤维弯曲及富树脂缺陷,建立了大开孔层合板缝合补强孔边针脚损伤的单胞模型。建立了纤维弯曲函数,推导了纤维弯曲区域的纤维体积分数及纤维弯曲角度。基于复合材料力学分析方法,计算得出了单胞的材料弹性常数。研究表明:缝合导致单胞面内纤维最大弯曲角不超过20°,单层板纵向杨氏模量减小,横向杨氏模量、剪切模量及泊松比均增大,变化幅度均在-8%~20%之间;且对于大开孔层合板缝合补强而言,针距变化引起的材料性能变化相对边距大许多。由上述计算结果,建立了一种缝合补强大开孔层合板力学性能计算的新方法,同时引入针孔模拟针脚处的应力集中现象,结果表明:缝合会造成层合板面内力学性能降低,并且对面内的压缩性能影响大于对面内拉伸性能的影响。      

海绵状Ag2O/ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及对甲醛的可见光降解

为克服纳米ZnO晶体可见光光催化活性低的缺点,以六水合硝酸锌、六亚甲基四胺和二水合草酸为原料,采用液相共沉淀-热分解法制备了六方纤锌矿型海绵状ZnO,然后在碱性条件下复合纳米Ag₂O颗粒,得到海绵状Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂,并采用XRD、FTIR、紫外-可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）、FESEM、TEM和BET测量仪对其进行了表征;采用可见光光源,甲醛（HCHO）液体为光催化反应模型物,研究了不同摩尔比下Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂的暗吸附及光催化性能。结果表明,随着Ag₂O相对含量的增加,HCHO暗吸附效果出现先增大后减小的趋势,当Ag₂O与ZnO摩尔比为1∶5时,HCHO去除率达到43.34%;另一方面,在可见光下Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂对HCHO的降解率呈先增大后减小的趋势,其中Ag₂O与ZnO的摩尔比为1∶10时取得最佳降解效果,经过90 min的可见光光照后HCHO降解率达到78%,总的HCHO去除率为85%。      

环氧树脂-脲醛树脂@2-甲基咪唑微胶囊/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及自修复性能

以一步原位聚合法制备芯材为环氧树脂（E-51）,壁材为脲醛树脂（UF）的E-51-UF微胶囊。采用FTIR、SEM、TG、粒度分析仪等分别对E-51-UF微胶囊结构、表面形貌、耐热性和粒径分布进行了表征。以E-51-UF微胶囊为核,固化剂2-甲基咪唑（2-MI）为壳通过共混复合,得到E-51-UF@2-MI复合微胶囊。将E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊填充到E-51基体中,制备了E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料拉伸试样、弯曲试样和梯形双悬臂梁（TDCB）修复试样,并采用电子万能试验机测试其性能。分析了填充E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊质量分数对E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料力学性能及自修复性能的影响。结果表明:制备的E-51-UF微胶囊呈现规整球形结构,平均粒径为130 μm,耐热温度达364℃;E-51-UF@2-MI复合微胶囊质量分数为10wt%时,E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料拉伸强度达到最大值,为31.17 MPa,弯曲强度为66.77 MPa,最大修复率为90.1%。      

RGO-MIL-68(Fe)复合材料的静电自组装合成及光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的性能

采用静电自组装方法制备氧化石墨烯（GO）-MIL-68（Fe）复合物,并通过简单溶剂热处理,将GO还原为还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）,首次制得RGO-MIL-68（Fe）复合物。通过XRD、FESEM、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）等方法对RGO-MIL-68（Fe）复合催化剂的晶体结构、形貌、光吸收性能等物理化学性质进行表征。在可见光照射下,以草酸铵（（NH₄）₂C₂O₄）为牺牲剂,对RGO-MIL-68（Fe）复合材料进行光催化还原Cr（Ⅵ）性能评价,结果表明,只需复合少量的RGO,MIL-68（Fe）的光催化活性就能显著地提高。当RGO含量为1wt%时,RGO-MIL-68（Fe）复合材料表现出最优的光催化活性,反应60 min,体系中的Cr（Ⅵ）的还原率高达81%。结合电化学分析可知,这主要是由于RGO的引入在增强MIL-68（Fe）光吸收性能的同时也促进了光生载流子的分离。      

Bio‐Derived Co2P Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as Promising Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Recently, nonnoble‐metal catalysts such as a metal coordinated to nitrogen doped in a carbon matrix have been reported to exhibit superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in alkaline media. In this work, Co₂P nanoparticles supported on heteroatom‐doped carbon catalysts (NBSCP) are developed with an eco‐friendly synthesis method using bean sprouts. NBSCP can be easily synthesized through metal precursor absorption and carbonization at a high temperature. It shows a very large specific surface area with various dopants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur derived from small organic molecules. The catalyst can exhibit activity in various electrochemical reactions. In particular, excellent performance is noted for the ORR. Compared to the commercial Pt/C, NBSCP exhibits a lower onset potential, higher current density, and superior durability. This excellent ORR activity and durability is attributable to the synergistic effect between Co₂P nanoparticles and nitrogen‐doped carbon. In addition, superior performance is noted on applying NBSCP to a practical anion exchange membrane fuel cell system. Through this work, the possibility of applying an easily obtained bio‐derived material to energy conversion and storage systems is demonstrated.     

Toughness enhancement and equivalent initial fracture toughness of cementitious composite reinforced with aligned steel fibres

Based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the impact of steel fibres on the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip for cementitious composite was studied. The enhanced toughness of steel fibre reinforced cementitious composite (SFRC) in resisting cracks was explained by the decrement of SIF caused by steel fibre inclusions at the crack tip of the composite. The equivalent initial fracture toughness was used to characterize the crack initiation of SFRC. A simplified method for determining the of SFRC was proposed based on a linear regression method. Fracture tests were conducted on three‐point bending notched beams with different steel fibre volume fractions and specimen sizes to study the crack initiation behaviour of aligned steel fibre reinforced cementitious composite (ASFRC). of ASFRC was calculated, and the size effect of was analysed. The results showed that slightly increased with the steel fibre volume fraction and gradually became stable. For the tested specimens, whose heights varied between 40 and 100 mm, the specimen size had little impact on the .     

基于钢筋应变差的混凝土双向板极限状态分析方法

为了合理确定混凝土双向板荷载-变形关系及极限状态,该文进行了一足尺混凝土双向板承载力试验研究,观察试验板裂缝开展及破坏模式,对荷载-变形关系、钢筋应变和板角约束力进行了测量。在此基础上,基于塑性铰线理论,考虑受拉薄膜效应,提出钢筋应变差概念、钢筋和混凝土应变破坏准则,结合板块内力平衡方程和弯矩平衡方程,建立混凝土双向板荷载-变形关系和极限荷载计算方法。同时,结合板壳有限元理论,编程计算混凝土板荷载-变形关系,分析薄膜效应机理及钢筋应变,并用于验证该文理论方法的合理性。最后,将该文理论方法计算结果与国内外试验结果以及其他理论结果进行对比。结果表明：与试验结果和其他理论计算结果相比,该文理论方法原理简单,计算容易,精度满足要求,可用于确定混凝土双向板的极限状态。