Prevalence and correlates of handgun access among adolescents seeking care in an urban emergency department

Objective

To determine prevalence and correlates of handgun access among adolescents seeking care in an urban Emergency Department (ED) in order to inform future injury prevention strategies.

Methods

In this observational cross-sectional study performed in the ED of a large urban hospital, 14- to 18-year-old adolescents completed a computerized survey of risk behaviors. Adolescents seeking ED care (for injury or medical complaint) were approached seven days a week over a 22-month period. Validated measures included measures of demographics, sexual activity, substance use, injury, violent behavior, and handgun access. A logistic regression model predicting handgun access was performed.

Results

A total of 3050 adolescents completed the survey (44% male, 58.9% African-American), with 417 (12%) refusing to participate. One-third of the sample (n = 1003) reported access to a handgun, and of those 54% were males (n = 542). Logistic regression results indicated that older age (AOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.30-1.94), African-American race (AOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11-1.61), male gender (AOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.66-2.37), and being employed (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.11-1.65), as well as seeking ED care for a medical complaint as compared to intentional injury (AOR: 1.69; 95% CI 1.62-2.50) predicted handgun access. Binge drinking (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.37-2.27), marijuana use (AOR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.58-2.36), sexual activity (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.02), prior injury by a gun (AOR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.32-2.46), serious physical violence (AOR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13-1.66) and group fighting (AOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.68-2.56) also predicted access.

Conclusions

High rates of handgun access were evident among adolescents presenting in an inner city ED, including those seeking care for non-injury related reasons. Adolescents with access to handguns were more likely to report risk behaviors and past injury, providing clinicians with an opportunity for injury prevention initiatives.     

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高速模数变换芯片的微机接口

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Relationship between U.S. News and World Report's and the National Research Council's ratings/rankings of psychology departments.

Every year, U.S. News and World Report (USNEWS) creates a stir among academics and the public by publishing its ranking of universities and various departments within those universities. Although members of the public rely on the USNEWS rankings when making their academic choices, psychologists and other academics tend to rely on the National Research Council (NRC) report to differentiate various academic departments. Given the concerns about the scientific merit of the USNEWS rankings, the authors gathered some empirical information about the correlates of the USNEWS department ratings/rankings. They address the following questions in this comment: How similar are the ratings/rankings from USNEWS and the NRC? Are the USNEWS and NRC ratings/rankings related to other indices of department quality? Finally, what do these correlations say about the utility of these two rating systems? The authors believe that this comparison provides an initial exploration of the meaningfulness of two resources that are heavily relied on by the public and academia. The authors found that although they expected a positive correlation between the NRC and USNEWS rankings, they did not expect the magnitude of the relationship to be so substantial. Further, both of these measures exhibited significant and substantial relationships with two other NRC criteria of department effectiveness and several weaker but clearly nontrivial relationships with the APA graduate student data. At the very least, the present results do not support the belief of some academics that the USNEWS ratings/rankings lack scientific merit. Indeed, these results seem to suggest that the USNEWS rankings of psychology departments substantially duplicate the NRC rankings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

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