紧凑 Tokamak(球形环)聚变堆第一壁及中心导体柱上中子负荷及核热计算与分析

采用通用蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序ＭＣＮＰ／３８计算低环径比Ｔｏｋａｍａｋ（紧凑环或球形环）聚变堆第一壁及中心导体上的中子壁负荷分布和核热沉积分布，并与常规Ｔｏｋａｍａｋ堆第一壁上中子壁负荷分布和核热沉积分布进行比较、分析。结果表明，在中子壁负荷归一化为１ＭＷ／ｍ２时，与常规Ｔｏｋａｍａｋ相比，在低环径比Ｔｏｋａｍａｋ堆第一壁及中心柱表面上中子壁负荷分布峰值并不比常规Ｔｏｋａｍａｋ堆第一壁上的峰值高，而且低于低环径比Ｔｏｋａｍａｋ堆整个第一壁上的平均值，而中心柱上的核热沉积峰值稍高于常规Ｔｏｋａｍａｋ堆第一壁上的核热沉积峰值，但对较高中子壁负荷情况，中心导体柱上的核热沉积和辐照损伤仍可能是比较严重和值得特别研究的问题。     

Current ISI and monitoring technologies in European energy industries

This paper reviews available information on the state of practice of inservice material property monitoring performed in European energy industries. Current practice includes a range of standard nondestructive testing and monitoring methods, improved remote sampling and surveillance specimen testing, and new monitoring techniques which are emerging from ongoing development programs. These new technologies include ultrasonic, positron annihilation, neutron diffraction, and magnetic techniques.     

次生伽马能谱分析方法的实验研究

本文指出一种地化学闭合模型的热中子瞬发活化伽马分析方法，它是地球化学测井的核心技术，标准谱的获得，基于标准谱的加权最小二乘解谱方法、灵敏度刻度及地球化学闭合模型是这一方法的关键环节。     

中国先进研究堆冷中子源核发热和冷中子增益研究

为准确计算和研究中国先进研究堆（CARR）冷中子源装置氢系统的核发热和冷中子增益，建立了一整套计算方法。对参考堆的验证计算证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。对影响CARR冷中子源核发热和冷中子增益的各种因素（如慢化剂、冷包材料、冷包形状等）进行了计算和优化选择。结果表明：在核发热量较小的条件下获得了较好的冷中子增益。     

天然汞的全套中子数据评价

在１０￣（－５）＿ｅＶ－２０ＭｅＶ中子能量范围内对天然汞的中子核数据进行评价。评价内容包括总的、弹性、去弹、总非弹、３０条分立能级、连续非弹、（ｎ，２ｎ）、（ｎ，３ｎ，）、（ｎ，ｎ＇Ｐ）、（ｎ，ｎ＇α）、（ｎ，Ｐ）、（ｎ，α）、（ｎ，ｄ）、（ｎ，ｔ）和（ｎ，γ）截面；次级中子角分布；双微分截面（ＤＤＣＳ）；γ射线产生数据等。评价根据有效实验数据（至１９９３年）和ＵＮＦ－９２￣［１］理论计算。评价数据以ＥＮＤＦ／Ｂ６格式录入中国评价核数据库ＣＥＮＤＬ－２．１版（ＭＡＴ＝１８００），并提供核工程有关部门使用。     

Q390高强抗震钢板残余应力检测方法对比及分析

利用盲孔法、X-Ray法、中子衍射法和超声法对Q390高强抗震板及U形弯曲件进行残余应力检测,并对这4种方法测试得到的应力结果进行分析研究。结果表明,以上4种检测方法均要考虑其特定的检测应用范围,X-Ray法针对钢板表面下微米级深度的微米级晶格尺度范围局部点应力进行检测,中子衍射法可在毫米级尺度局部区域进行应力检测,盲孔法反映的是因毫米尺度钻孔导致的钢板表面孔周边的应力变化,超声法则可以通过连续扫描检测整个钢板残余应力的宏观分布变化。因此,对于工业钢板,超声法测试残余应力更加科学、合理、准确。同时,通过U形试样建立稳定的应力应变场,利用超声设备使用不同参考态对Q390高强抗震板弯曲件及退火弯曲件进行测试,结果表明,测试参考态的选取对应力测试结果影响很大,材料各向异性的影响对应力测试结果不可忽视。     

Grain-size effects in the quasi-static fracture resistance of a thermally embrittled RPV steel (quenched and tempered microstructures)

The elastic-plastic fracture toughness and crack extension behavior under the quasi-static loading regimen of several thermally embrittled conditions of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel were assessed on the basis of microstructural parameters. It was discovered that the bainite packet size is the fracture properties controlling parameter of single-phase quenched and tempered microstructures. Results were found in close agreement to those obtained in a parallel study with dual-phase annealed microstructures derived from the same low alloy steel. Similarly, it was concluded that a Hall-Petch type relationship correlates J-fracture mechanics criteria to the grain size.     

辐照损伤对锆合金电化学性能的影响

综述了堆内辐照对锆合金电化学性能影响的概况，浅析了堆内辐照损伤的机理，并重点探讨了主要的堆内辐照源——中子辐照对锆合金微观结构与氧化性能的影响。进一步阐述了堆外离子轰击模拟堆内中子辐照研究方法的进展概况，并就离子轰击实验参量的选择进行了较为深入的分析。     

Characterisation of the adsorption sites of hydrogen on Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

A key component of a hydrogen fuel cell is a catalyst to dissociate dihydrogen to hydrogen atoms. In the present study, the adsorption of hydrogen on Pt/C fuel cell catalysts has been investigated by inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy.

Monitoring a clean Pt(50%)/C catalyst with low energy neutron spectroscopy, after exposure to dihydrogen at 20 K, as it was heated to room temperature, showed three distinct temperature regimes: (i) a decrease in intensity from 10 to 60 K, (ii) a rise to a maximum between 60 and 120 K and then (iii) a slow fall-off towards room temperature. We assign the three regions as: (i) desorption of physisorbed dihydrogen, (ii) dissociation of dihydrogen to give an adsorbed layer and (iii) damping of the response by an increasing Debye–Waller factor.

The vibrational INS spectra of a series of Pt/C catalysts prepared under varying conditions were similar indicating that the same types of site are common to all the catalysts, although the relative proportions of each site are sample dependent. Features at 520, 950 and part of the intensity at 1300 cm⁻¹ are assigned to hydrogen on (1 1 1) faces, in good agreement with single crystal data. The mode at 640 cm⁻¹ is assigned as the doubly degenerate asymmetric stretch of Pt(1 0 0) faces with the symmetric stretch near 550 cm⁻¹.

We assign the bending mode of the on-top site to the feature at 470 cm⁻¹. The Pt–H stretch mode was observed at 2079 cm⁻¹. This is a significant result: this is the first time that hydrogen on the on-top sites has been observed on nanosized platinum particles supported on high surface area carbon black. The width of the INS peak is surprisingly large and may give additional information on the type and relative proportions of the crystallographic faces present on the catalyst particles.     

Preconditioning the solution of the time-dependent neutron diffusion equation by recycling Krylov subspaces

Spectral preconditioners are based on the fact that the convergence rate of the Krylov subspace methods is improved if the eigenvalues of the smallest magnitude of the system matrix are ‘removed’. In this paper, two preconditioning strategies are studied to solve a set of linear systems associated with the numerical integration of the time-dependent neutron diffusion equation. Both strategies can be implemented using the matrix–vector product as the main operation and succeed at reducing the total number of iterations needed to solve the set of systems.