Investigation of relaxation of nanodiamond surface in real and reciprocal spaces

The structure of a nanodiamond powder with an average grain size of 5 nm was investigated using large-Q neutron diffraction. Both Bragg scattering and PDF analysis were employed. The effect of annealing under vacuum at temperatures up to 1200 °C was studied. The studies lead to a tentative model of nanocrystalline diamond, where the core with a perfect diamond lattice is surrounded by a shell of compressed diamond lattice, and this core–shell structure is enveloped in a non-diamond carbon. The non-diamond envelope of nanograins, a “gas-like” carbon, is stable up to 1000 °C and transforms into a graphite phase (an onion-type structure) at about 1200 °C. The amount of non-crystalline carbon in the powder annealed below 1000 °C is about 10%. In the sample annealed at 1200 °C a graphite-type carbon, with a total of about 15% of sp² bonds is formed.     

Small-angle neutron scattering from branched epoxide resins

Small-angle neutron scattering experiments in the range of q² from 0.01 to 25 nm⁻² have been carried out on branched epoxide resins based on bisphenol-A at the Institute Laue—Langevin (I.L.L) in Grenoble (q=(4π/λ) sin(θ/2)). Measurements were made with six samples in the range of M_W from 1500 to 19 000 and four concentrations between 1.3 and 10% (w/w) in deuterated diglyme. The results are as follows: (i) The mean square radius of gyration follows a relationship S²_z=4.69×10⁻⁴M^1.20_W (nm²). (ii) In all cases fairly large second virial coefficients A₂ are obtained which, however, decrease strongly with molecular weight. Above M_W=2500, the virial coefficient follows the relationship A₂=1.6M^−0.85_W (mol cm³g⁻²). (ii) The reciprocal particle scattering factor as a function of q² exhibits only a slight upturn and otherwise shows the behaviour of a randomly branched polycondensate. The slight upturn is discussed as being caused by the finite volume of the monomeric unit. Possible reasons for the high exponent in the S²_z versus M_W dependence are briefly discussed.     

Quantitative analysis of small angle neutron scattering data from montmorillonite dispersions

A new model is presented which can describe quantitatively the small angle neutron scattering from montmorillonite-type clay dispersions and polymer-clay nanocomposites. The model is shown to be able to describe well the data from a series of dilute montmorillonite in water dispersions in which the deuterium content of the water phase is varied. The fits combined with information from other techniques suggest strongly that H-D exchange occurs in the montmorillonite-water dispersions. Deviations from Q⁻² behaviour often observed experimentally for clay dispersions are convincingly explained by the presence of a small proportion of tactoids.     

双热中子束流治疗孔道低浓化BNCT堆初步设计

以我国已经建成的高浓铀为燃料的BNCT堆为研究对象,将其堆芯低浓化并且添加水平热中子双束流治疗孔道,开展双热中子束流BNCT堆堆芯低浓化初步设计,计算分析该BNCT堆的keff、控制棒价值、顶铍效率、堆芯能谱、堆芯径向通量、轴向通量、辐照管通量等参数,得到双热中子束流治疗孔道低浓化BNCT堆初步设计方案.     

Synthesis mechanism of titanium carbide nano-fiber during self-propagating high temperature synthesis

Titanium carbide nano-fiber was synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) method. The final products after the SHS reaction were titanium carbide containing excess carbon and metallic titanium, which were removed by additional leaching process. TEM observation revealed that the average diameter is about 20 nm. Neutron diffraction analysis was carried out to study non-stoichiometric number of the titanium carbide. The non-stoichiometric numbers of the titanium carbide were 0.89–0.94. The Rietveld refinement of each patterns converged to good agreement (÷2=0.49–1.34). The formation mechanism of the carbide is related to a liquid-solid reaction including the preferential diffusion process of carbon atom into liquid titanium. This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,” organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002.     

江汉盆地拖市油田低渗透油藏储层特征——古物理化学特征分析

通过镜质体反射率积分法计算地层平均古地温梯度,实验测定硬石膏包裹体“均一”温度,应用声发射(AE)Kessier效应确定古构造应力场,由CO_2浓度法计算古流体压力(P_1);同时,对裂缝充填物进行了热释光与中子活化分析。研究结果表明,成岩过程中,硬石膏和方解石所处的温度、压力及化学环境接近或类似于现代储层物理、化学环境;裂缝中硬石膏脉体呈分接段沉淀特征;裂缝充填物质主要来自于泥岩。     

Al-B4C复合材料中子吸收性能研究

利用蒙特卡罗方法和~(252)Cf中子源研究了在准直热中子入射束下,15%~30%(质量分数)碳化硼含量的Al-B_4C复合材料的中子吸收系数和宏观截面。结果表明,Al-B_4C复合材料的中子吸收系数随碳化硼含量增加而增大,相同碳化硼含量的材料其中子吸收系数随厚度的增加按指数规律变化;~(252)Cf中子源测试得到的中子吸收系数比0.0253eV单能热中子计算得到的吸收系数低0.5%~4.3%;Al-B_4C复合材料的宏观截面随着碳化硼含量的增加呈线性递增的关系,而且理想热中子0.0253eV下的递增率(0.97925cm~(-1)/%)大于~(252)Cf中子源构建0~1eV中子下的递增率(0.58537cm~(-1)/%)。     

NBR/PVC橡塑合金辐射防护材料的制备及性能研究

为了满足辐射防护的要求以及发展结构功能一体化柔性防护材料的需求,研制了一种新型的橡塑合金复合防护材料。通过力学性能和屏蔽性能测试发现,该复合材料具有较高的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率,且材料的中子与伽马屏蔽性能良好,随着功能填料含量的不断增加,中子和伽马屏蔽性能也不断提升,但材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率不断减小。辐照实验显示,电子束硫化后的样品比硫磺硫化后的样品拥有更出色的力学性能。综合考虑该材料良好的中子与伽马屏蔽性能、拉伸性能与柔韧性能等特性,其在形状较为复杂的核动力设施以及辐射防护服等领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

慢化体材料对加速器BNCT束流装置中子品质影响研究

基于加速器中子源的硼中子俘获治疗（BNCT）是一种较好的肿瘤治疗技术,通过慢化得到的超热中子可用于非浅表肿瘤BNCT治疗.本文以2.3 MeV、10 mA质子流强的7Li（p,n）7Be中子源为对象,建立了加速器BNCT束流装置模型,采用中子输运程序MCNP研究了慢化体材料对超热中子束流品质的影响.结果表明：采用重水作为慢化体材料可有效的提高束流出口处超热中子水平,对于2.3 MeV、10 mA质子流强的7Li（p,n）7Be中子源,超热中子束流水平为0.669×109n/（cm2.s）,超热中子与快中子产额比达62.3,基本达到临床治疗所需109n/（cm2.s）的超热中子水平.     

快中子照相CCD成像系统反射镜组件设计

基于反射镜组件的刚度、强度和热尺寸稳定性,采用背部4点支撑方案设计了反射镜组件。对反射镜组件进行的静、动态刚度及热尺寸稳定性分析结果表明,反射镜在重力载荷和4℃温升载荷及温度和重力耦合变形下,面形精度达到PV≤λ/10,RMS≤λ/50(λ=400nm)。模态分析结果证明该结构有足够的动态刚度。