合金元素对Cu-Te-Cr合金时效组织与性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)分析Cu-Te-Cr合金时效析出相的形貌与组成,研究合金元素对Cu-Te-Cr合金时效组织与性能的影响。结果表明,时效过程中Te、Cr以多元化合物或细小的单质Cr析出,合金的硬度明显升高,随时效温度的升高,Cr粒子长大,共格度降低;同时基体晶粒内,部分析出相重溶,使合金硬度下降;由于Cr和Te两种元素互不相溶,其交互作用生成CrxTey化合物,随着Te含量的增加,铸造过程中生成这种化合物越多,减少Cr元素在铜基体的固溶度,从而合金硬度下降,而导电率有所提高。     

低碳结构钢的氢脆行为研究

采用宏观、微观、纳米等手段,开展低碳钢在酸性环境中氢诱导作用对其力学性能影响进行研究。从研究结果可以看出,氢浓度和腐蚀扩展速率存在一定关系,低碳钢暴露于富氢酸性环境28天后,体积弹性模量显著降低。通过微观结构分析,发现氢渗透引起的大晶粒的变形、裂纹和氢鼓包是性能下降的主要原因。此外,通过在不同时间对试样的不同区域进行纳米压痕,确定了氢对晶粒纳米弹性和纳米硬度性能的影响。在宏观、微观和纳米层面上对受到氢损伤钢的力学性能的进一步研究,将对低碳结构钢的维护和使用寿命预测提供一种新途径。     

5Cr套管钢在不同CO2分压下高温高压腐蚀特性研究

为了研究5Cr套管钢在不同CO₂分压下的腐蚀特性,进行了5Cr套管钢高温高压腐蚀失重和高温高压电化学试验,并采用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对其腐蚀产物进行微观分析。结果表明,在高温高压腐蚀环境下随着CO₂分压从低到高,其表面点蚀坑的深度和直径均无明显变化,而点蚀速率则出现逐渐减小的趋势;其腐蚀产物膜由Cr(OH)₃、FeCO₃和CaCO₃共同组成,且随着CO₂分压的升高Cr的富集量逐渐增加;在电化学测试中,随着CO₂分压的不断升高,5Cr套管钢表现出半钝化特征,产物膜逐渐增厚且致密,且极化电阻逐渐增大,阳极反应受到抑制,电化学反应阻力增大,其抗局部腐蚀能力不断提高。     

输气钢管内壁椭圆形坑失效原因分析

为分析某输气用X52QS钢级无缝钢管内壁椭圆形凹坑失效原因,通过力学性能测试、金相检测、化学成分分析、扫描电镜（SEM）、物相（XRD）分析等手段,对该凹坑产生原因进行综合分析。结果发现,凹坑区的C、Cr、Mo、Ti、B等元素含量高于正常区,且偏聚在凹坑区;C、B元素含量超标,化学成分不均导致凹坑区金相组织不均匀,使凹坑区发生微观原电池反应,凹坑区成为阳极被腐蚀而减薄;此外,凹坑内表面的CaCO3和SiO2含量较高,造成凹坑区垢下腐蚀;凹坑区表面膜疏松造成浓差电池,在介质冲刷等共同作用下会加速腐蚀,凹坑区壁厚持续减薄,最终形成更大的椭圆形凹坑。最后对样管最薄凹坑剩余厚度进行计算,发现已无法满足设计压力要求,建议换钢管或者降低设计压力后二次利用。     

JCOE钢管生产线精整横移台车运行故障分析及改进

针对JCOE钢管生产线精整横移台车在使用过程中出现的钢管放置不到位、托起钢管时在台架、辊道处撞击钢管等问题,分析了其产生原因,发现横移台车编码器的累积误差以及通讯闪断引起的编码器位置数据清零是产生故障的主要原因。通过增加位置校正接近开关和程序改进,能够减少横移台车的累积误差,解决横移台车编码器位置数据丢失的问题,消除了横移台车自动运行时撞击台架、撞管以及钢管放偏故障,从而保障钢管在生产过程中的安全平稳传送。     

Immobilizing chromium in stainless steel slags with MnO addition

This work investigates the stabilizing impact of MnO on the leaching behavior of hazardous Cr-containing CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-MnO stainless steel slags after equilibrating at various elevated temperatures and evaluates the potential immobilization of Cr into a MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase from the existing Cr₂O₃ phase. The MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase was found to be an excellent Cr-stabilizer in stainless steel slags, where the leaching tendency of potentially hazardous Cr-related ions decreased with higher MnO content and lower equilibration temperatures within the range of 0 to 15 mass pct. and 1500 to 1300°C, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations by conducting the phase stability diagram also showed that the MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase was relatively stable and the Ca₃Si₂O₇ (Ca_3-xMn_xSi₂O₇) phase was relatively unstable compared with other crystal phases in acid extractant with pH value of 3.2. Combined with the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction results along with the thermodynamic calculations, the leached Cr-related ions was predominantly originating from the unstable amorphous glass phase.     

Electrically conductive and thermally stable SiC-TiC containing nanocomposites via flash pyrolysis

Flash pyrolysis, which combines conventional pyrolysis with flash sintering, was first conducted to produce polymer derived SiC-TiC nanocomposites. Pre-pyrolysis at 800℃ allows the conversion from titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) modified polysiloxane to an amorphous SiTiOC ceramic. The subsequent application of an electric field gives rise to the formation of turbostratic carbon and creates Joule heating to obtain a sample internal temperature of ~1400℃. The precipitation of β-SiC, TiC, as well as titanium oxides is realized upon carbothermal reduction of extensively phase separated SiO₂ and TiO₂ with carbon. Increasing TTIP content embodies the nanocomposites with prominent electrical percolation behaviors. The electrical transport of the synthesized ceramics follows an amorphous semiconductor mechanism. High thermal stability in air is guaranteed, thanks to the in-situ formed TiC nanocrystals and preferentially reduced amorphous carbon. Flash pyrolyzed nanocomposite with a Ti:Si molar ratio of 0.20 exhibits the highest electrical conductivity (0.696 S/cm) and minimum mass change (~2%) at 1000℃, serving as a competitive candidate for electro-discharge machining (EDM) applications or self-standing conducting devices that must withstand high temperature conditions.     

Valence-induced effects on the electrical properties of NiMn2O4 ceramics with different Ni sources

Spinel-structured NiMn₂O₄ ceramics, with different valence Ni sources, were originally prepared using Ni₂O₃ and NiO as raw materials, and the effects of different valence Ni sources on their electrical properties were first investigated. XRD patterns show that both Ni₂O₃-based and NiO-based NiMn₂O₄ ceramics are single cubic spinel structures. SEM/EDS images indicate that the NiMn₂O₄ ceramics exhibited high density at the experiment-determined sintering temperatures. XPS results and Raman drifts prove that the Ni valence-induced changes in Mn ions at B sites played a significant role in the electrical properties and thermal stability of NiMn₂O₄ ceramics. Compared with NiO-based NiMn₂O₄, the resistivity at 25°C (ρ_25°C) of Ni₂O₃-based NiMn₂O₄ increased dramatically from 3109 to 106958 Ω cm, the thermal constant (B_25/50) increased from 3264 to 4473 K, and the resistance shifts after annealing for 1000 h at 150°C decreased from 0.80% to 0.74%. The investigation of the relationship between the material properties and valence of Ni sources has provided a new and effective way for designing the spinel-structured negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials by modulating the valence of ions at A sites in the raw materials.     

Fine TiC dispersed Al2O3 composites fabricated via in situ reaction synthesis and conventional process

To further improve the mechanical performance and reduce the percolation threshold by controlling microstructures, Al₂O₃-TiC composites containing 0-20 vol% TiC were fabricated via in situ reaction synthesis. Graphite (ATC) and carbon nanotubes (ATCT) were used as carbon sources. The composites were also fabricated via a conventional process using a TiC starting powder (AT). X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy observation results indicated successful fabrication of the composites with various microstructures. TiC particles in ATCT were completely dispersed at grain boundaries, whereas in ATC and AT, these particles were either intragranular or intergranular dispersed. The composites could be listed as follows, ATCT > ATC > AT, that is, in descending order of the reinforcing flexural strength and fracture toughness. The nanoindentation measurement indicated the optimum hardening effect of ATCT. The ATCT composite also exhibited the highest fracture toughness, which was 49% higher than that of the monolithic Al₂O₃. Crack deflection was considered as the main toughening mechanism while crack bridging behavior also occurred in ATCT. For a given TiC content, ATCT exhibited the lowest electrical resistivity, owing mainly to the complete grain-boundary dispersion of the relatively large TiC particles. The similarity of the Al₂O₃ grain size and TiC particle size of ATCT contributed to the lowest percolation threshold achieved (11.2%), which (to date) is the lowest value that has been reported for the Al₂O₃-TiC system.     

Effect of AlN addition on the electrical resistivity of pressureless sintered SiC ceramics with B4C and C

The effect of 0–12 wt% AlN addition on the electrical resistivity of SiC ceramics pressureless sintered with 0.7 wt% B₄C and 2.5 wt% C additives was investigated. The elemental analysis of SiC grains revealed a codoping of Al and N in the SiC lattice with a higher N concentration with 1 wt% AlN addition and a higher Al concentration with 12 wt% AlN addition. The electrical resistivity decreased by four orders of magnitude (1.7 × 10⁵ → 8.3 × 10¹ Ω cm) with 1 wt% AlN addition due to the increased carrier density (1.7 × 10¹⁰ → 2.3 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³) caused by excess N-derived donors. However, subsequent AlN addition (4 → 12 wt%) led to an increase (2.9 × 10³ → 1.2 × 10⁴ Ω‧cm) in electrical resistivity due to (1) increased Al dopants which act as deep acceptors for trapping N-derived carriers causing a decrease in carrier density (2.3 × 10¹⁵ → 5.9 × 10¹³ cm⁻³), (2) the formation of electrically insulating SiC-AlN solid solution, and (3) the presence of electrically insulating AlN grains at the grain boundaries.