氟碳防水防油剂的研究新进展

介绍了氟碳防水防油剂的结构与性能特征、合成方法,综述了近几年氟碳防水防油剂的研究新进展,预测了其发展趋势。     

环烷基油——一种理想的橡胶增塑剂

在欧洲，对芳烃油使用的限制已经成为轮胎和橡胶制品生产商的热门话题。出于环保和健康考虑。选择合适的替代增塑剂已经势在必行。环烷基油的技术和环保优势从而得以体现。尼纳斯石油是世界上最大的环烷基油公司。文中就其产品在橡胶加工中的应用作了深入的研究和对比。     

Equilibrium distributions of key components of spearmint oil in sub/supercritical carbon dioxide

Effects of temperature (at 35, 45 or 55°C) and pressure (10–110 atm) on the relative distribution coefficients of the twelve key components of spearmint oil (essential oil ofMentha cardiaca; Scotch spearmint) at equilibrium in dense CO₂ were investigated under conditions ranging from subcritical to supercritical regions. Effects of vapor pressure, molecular weight and polarity of the key components on their equilibrium distributions in sub/supercritical CO₂ are discussed. At 35°C, all key components of spearmint oil are equally soluble in dense CO₂ within the 12–102 atm pressure region. At 45 and 55°C, the key components are equally soluble for pressures greater than about 60 atm. However, around either 45°C/27 atm or 55°C/35 atm conditions, the relative distribution coefficients of all monoterpene hydrocarbons and of isomenthone (an oxygenated monoterpene) exhibit maxima, which are due to significantly higher vapor pressures of these components and significantly lower solvating power of the dense-gas solvent at these particular temperatures and pressures. Vapor-pressure effects, coupled with the decrease in solvating power, dominate the effects of polarity and molecular mass of the key components. Deterpenation of spearmint oil with dense CO₂ is possible around either 45°C/27 atm or 55°C/35 atm, where the monoterpene hydrocarbons tend to concentrate in the CO₂-rich phase.     

继续进行炼油企业结构调整 加快我国加氢工艺技术发展

指出近年来我国炼油企业结构调整已初见成效，加氢工艺技术获得了较快发展，预测21世纪初将是加氢工艺大展宏图的时代，应充分利用石油资源加快我国加氢工艺技术发展；并介绍了重点研究开发和推广应用的各项加氢技术。     

水性光油的研制

以丙烯酸树脂作为分散树脂 ,苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯等作为混合单体进行乳液聚合制得水性上光油 ,制备时以流平剂 VA与乳化蜡 1∶ 1、甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯的 1∶ 1、分散剂用高酸值的水溶性丙烯酸树脂为宜。所制得乳液性能与市售品相比吸水率稍偏高 ,光泽度优于市售品 ,其他性能均相当。     

Epoxidation of soybean oil by the methyltrioxorhenium-CH2Cl2/H2O2 catalytic biphasic system

We studied the methyltrioxorhenium (MTO)-CH₂Cl₂/H₂O₂ biphasic system for epoxidizing soybean oil. The reactions were optimized (reactant ratio, time, and temperature), which resulted in a better performance (higher conversion and selectivity) than those described in the literature. Total doublebond conversion and 95% selectivity were obtained in 2 h at room temperature. Furthermore, it was possible to reach desired epoxidation degrees by changing the oxidant and MTO amounts. The rhenium-epoxidized soybean oil remained stable in the absence of stabilizers for up to 30 d when stored at mild conditions.     

Water-retaining ability of diacylglycerol

The water-in-oil emulsification characteristics and the adsorption properties of DAG at the oil/water interface were investigated for DAG having different FA compositions. The water-retaining ability of DAG is dependent on the FA composition but is not dependent on the interfacial tension at the oil/water interface in a simple way. The water-retaining ability is very different between uni-chain DAG (two FA have the same chain length) and complex-chain DAG (one FA is oleic acid and the other has a shorter alkyl chain). Uni-chain DAG, having long FA chains (R=C₁₂ or C_18∶1) have the ability to emulsify water at the volume fraction of 80% (ϕ80%), but uni-chain DAG with short or medium chain-length FA (R=C₃, C₄, C₆, C₈) show little ability to retain water. For complex-chain DAG, all the DAG studied here (R₁=C_18∶1, R₂=C₂−C₁₂) have the ability to emulsify water at ϕ80%. The stability of the emulsions, however, varies with the chain length of the R₂ FA (R₂ stability order: C₂, C₃>C_18∶1, C₁₀>C₈>C₄, C₆). The relationship between the water-retaining ability and the molecular structure of DAG is discussed from the viewpoint of intra- and intermolecular interactions between the FA chains.     

几种抑菌材料对化妆品中腐败菌的抑制作用比较

用固体培养基体外抑菌法，研究了不同浓度壳聚糖、壳寡糖、Germallplus、茶树油等对化妆品检验中常采用的指示菌的抑制效果及其最低杀菌浓度，并以对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯作为比较，考察了它们的抑菌动力学曲线。结果表明：壳聚糖、壳寡糖、Cermallplus和茶树油等对各种菌都有一定程度的抑制作用。     

絮凝剂在大庆油田中的应用

综述了絮凝剂的种类、用途和作用原理，分析了国内外絮凝剂技术的现状及发展方向。并就絮凝剂在大庆油田中的应用现状做了描述，指出大庆油田的水质特性及对絮凝剂的要求，提出了今后的工作重点。     

Adsorption isotherms of pigments from alkali-refined vegetable oils with clay minerals

Adsorption isotherms of pigments from alkali-refined oils (rapeseed, soybean, wheatgerm, safflower, corn, cottonseed and sunflower) were measured to investigate the applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations and to elucidate the adsorption characteristics of pigments on sepiolites and standard activated clay. The Freundlich equation was more applicable to the experimental adsorption isotherms. The equilibrium amount adsorbed, acidity, pore size distribution and inflection of the Freundlich isotherms could be explained by assuming that pigments were adsorbed on the stronger acid sites in smaller pores at low concentration, and then in the larger ones when the concentration increased. The amount adsorbed increased with a rise in adsorption temperatures from 70 to 110°C, and the heat of adsorption was below 10 kcal/mol. The results indicate that pigments were physically adsorbed on the acid sites activated at higher adsorption temperatures.