Effect of fungal damage on seed composition and quality of soybeans

Fungal damage caused by pathogens such asFusarium, Cercospora, andPhomopsis can have a devastating impact on physical quality and farm price of soybeans. In some price-discount schedules, soybeans may be rejected with as low as 5% fungal damage. Although the severity of this problem varies throughout the United States, millions of bushels of fungus-damaged soybeans may be destroyed annually due to a lack of markets. The effect of fungal damage on seed composition was evaluated to assess potential utility of highly damaged soybeans. Graded samples of the cv. Centennial soybean were dried to 10% moisture and blended on a proportional weight basis to derive a series of treatments from 0 to 80% fungal damage. A positive correlation was found between fungal damage and both protein and oil concentrations. This condition was attributed to loss of residual seed mass. As a result, the protein concentration of defatted meal increased from ca. 54 to 66% over the range of 0 to 80% fungal damage. Mycotoxin contamination appeared to be insignificant in these high-protein meals. Fixed colors in bleached, alkali refined oils were intensified by heat treatment prior to extraction. No significant differences, however, were noted in total polar lipid content, phospholipid, or tocopherol composition among treatments of up to 20% fungal damage. Oils from treatments of more than 40% fungal damage were more severely oxidized and could not be degummed effectively. These data suggest that fungus-damaged soybeans may be blended with high-quality soybeans to alleviate the chemical symptoms associated with unacceptable product quality. Thus, through various blend ratios, processors may consider using fungus-damaged soybeans to gain economic advantage, especially when high-quality soybeans have lower protein concentration.     

山柰挥发油化学成分的气相色谱/质谱法分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取山柰中的挥发油,经过气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用法分析,鉴定了挥发油中的28个化学成分,其中主要成分有对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯(59.96%)、肉桂酸乙酯(23.68%)、δ-3-蒈烯(6.61%)等,占挥发油总量的90.25%。     

平流隔油-混凝气浮-焦炭过滤工艺处理渣油罐区含油废水

介绍了采用平流隔油-混凝气浮-焦炭过滤工艺处理渣油罐区含油废水的工程情况，经该工艺处理后的废水达到国家一级排放标准。该工艺具有效果好，运行稳定，回收的油直接回用等特点，有一定的经济效益。     

橘仁油的理化性质及成分分析

以市售橘仁为原料提取橘仁油．对橘仁油的理化性质和成分进行了分析，结果表明橘仁油主要由7种脂肪酸组成，其中棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸含量分别为25．1％、25．4％、38．1％；通过测定橘仁油Sn-2位脂肪酸组成，确定了橘仁油脂肪酸的分布、使用GC／MS对橘仁油的不皂化物成分进行了分析，检测出10种主要物质，其中7-烯豆甾醇含量最高，占总量的78．8％．橘仁油中总磷脂含量为2．15％．VE含量甚微．     

2种分析方法对花生油掺伪的研究初探

与一般食用油脂相比,花生油含有6%~7%的长碳链饱和脂肪酸(20:0、22:0、24:0),具有不溶于冷乙醇的特殊性质,是定性鉴别花生油的基础.对4种花生油进行测定,结果表明:不同品种花生油的长碳链饱和脂肪酸在70%乙醇中的混浊度有所不同,不同量其他食用油脂的掺伪不成比例地降低花生油的混浊温度;这种方法鉴别花生油纯度不够精确;采用气相色谱法测定花生油脂肪酸组成的变化,与纯品对照,可以在一定程度上确定掺伪油脂的种类和含量.     

纳米SiO2对聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体的改性研究

研究了纳米二氧化硅粉体材料对硅油聚氨酯弹性体的改性条件，发现硅油改性聚氨酯弹性体和粉体材料再改性硅油聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能较纯聚氨酯弹性体有较大提高，拉伸强度与断裂伸长率分别提高9．16倍和0、54倍。     

有限元数值模拟技术在油箱体成形中的应用

应用Dynaform冲压模拟软件对油箱体的拉深成形过程进行了详尽的有限元模拟分析，找出了油箱体拉深成形过程中的缺陷，并提出了相应的改进方案。结果表明，采用Dymform软件分析油箱体得到的结果与实际冲压过程完全一致。     

稠油底水油藏地质研究及水平井调整实践

我国东部油田由于受沉积环境的影响,油藏类型大部分为复杂断块油藏,物性差,非均质性强.羊三木油田三断块NgI油组是一个复杂断块稠油底水油藏,投入开发近30年,目前采出程度不足8%,开发效果一直较差.通过精细油藏描述及剩余油分布研究,搞清储层及剩余油在三维空间展布的基础上,提出三断块NgI稠油底水油藏,采取钻水平井加密与钻直井加密相结合,并配合一定的油水井措施整体挖掘油藏潜力的井网调整策略.羊H1井的钻探成功,为下一步的调整、挖潜打下了坚实基础,并对同类油藏的开发调整将具有一定的借鉴意义.     

暂堵与堵水配套技术实现选择性堵水研究

针对笼统堵水调剖作业中非目的层受到伤害的问题,从理论上证明了对于多层油藏,若不对非目的层进行保护,则堵液对其伤害是很大的,从而使措施失去效用.利用凝胶体系在低渗层表面形成快速堵塞的原理,采用一种成胶和破胶时间均可控的暂堵凝胶体系,与后续注入的堵剂体系配套使用,岩芯流动实验表明,这种方法可以使绝大部分堵液进入高渗层,从而大大减少对非目的层的伤害.