Evaluation of thermal conductivity from temperature profiles

A new dynamic technique for the measurement of thermal conductivity is being developed at IMGC. The experiment consists in bringing the specimen to high temperatures with a current pulse and in measuring the temperature profiles during the free cooling period. Different techniques can be used to extract the information on thermal conductivity from the profiles. The numerical computation of thermal conductivity from the experimental temperature profiles in absolute space is possible, but it is difficult and cumbersome because one must know and take into the account the exact position of the infinitesimal elements of the specimen in different profiles. Computations in tube-space (a fictitious space where no thermal expansion occurs) are simpler and lead to less complex numerical computations. Complementary techniques to evaluate thermal conductivity as a function of temperature or at constant temperature are presented with a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of each method. Computer simulations have tested the precision of the complex software. Numerically generated temperature profiles from known thermophysical properties have been obtained and thermal conductivity has been recomputed from the profiles. The relative difference using different computational approaches and different fitting functions is always less than 0.1%.Paper presented at the Third Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, September 17–18, 1992, Graz, Austria.     

Radiance temperatures (at 658 and 898 nm) of niobium at its melting point

Radiance temperatures (at 658 and 898 nm) of niobium at its melting point were measured by a pulse-heating technique. A current pulse of subsecond duration was imparted to a niobium strip and the initial part of the melting plateau was measured by high-speed pyrometry. Experiments were performed with two techniques and the results do not indicate any dependence of radiance temperature (at the melting point) on initial surface or system operational conditions. The average radiance temperature at the melting point of niobium is 2420 K at 658 nm and 2288 K at 898 nm, with a standard deviation of 0.4 K at 658 nm and 0.3–0.6 K at 898 nm (depending on the technique used). The total uncertainty in radiance temperature is estimated to be not more than ±6 K. The results are in good agreement with earlier measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA) and confirm that both radiance temperature and normal spectral emissivity (of niobium at its melting point) decrease with increasing wavelength in the region 500–900 nm.Paper presented at the Third Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, September 17–18, 1992, Graz, Austria.     

The transient regime of a multiwavelength pyrometer

The transient operation of a new multiwavelength pyrometer based on a dispersing prism and a Si photodiode array is presented. After calibration, transient tests were performed using a tungsten strip lamp, supplied by a current pulse of 0.3-s duration. Measurements were carried out with a data acquisition system consisting of a FET multiplexer, a DVM (14 bit, 100 kHz), and a buffer memory (64 kbytes). Pyrometer signals are processed off-line, and temperature vs time is displayed. With the present arrangement, temperature measurements at 20 wavelengths may be performed with 200s resolution. Faster measurements are possible with a reduced number of channels.Paper presented at the Third Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, September 17–18, 1992, Graz, Austria.Deceased     

The function of vinylene carbonate as a thermal additive to electrolyte in lithium batteries

The role of vinylene carbonate (VC) as a thermal additive to electrolytes in lithium ion batteries is studied in two aspects: the protection of liquid electrolyte species and the thermal stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from VC on graphite electrodes at elevated temperatures. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicate that VC can not protect LiPF₆ salt from thermal decomposition. However, the function of VC on SEI can be observed via impedance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). These results clearly show VC-induced SEI comprises polymeric species and is sufficiently stable to resist thermal damage. It has been confirmed that VC can suppress the formation of resistive LiF, and thus reduce the interfacial resistance.     

反应结合SiC电热材料的高温氧化特征

研究了反应结合SiC电热材料在1100～1580℃空气介质中加热时的氧化特征。结果表明：加热温度高于1420℃后，材料基体中的残留Si熔化并流动到表面形成SiO2。氧化后形成的SiO2与表面氧化层融为一体，提高了表面氧化层的致密度，有利于材料的抗氧化性能。1500℃左右为材料的抗氧化性能转折温度。在1500℃以下氧化时，反应结合SiC的抗氧化行为与重结晶SiC接近；高于1500℃氧化时，材料表面发生破坏性氧化，引起电热材料的失效。1500℃氧化后的表面氧化层中同时存在低温石英、方石英和非晶态SiO2。     

温控烧结法制备高温PTCR陶瓷

本实验以固相合成的(Ba_(0.6)Pb_(0.4))TiO_3为主要原料,在较宽的温度范围内(1280—1360℃)制得了Tc>320℃、室温电阻率低达几十Ω·cm、升阻差在五个数量级以上的PTCR材料。实验结果得出:采用高温快速升温、从烧结温度快速降温至某一温度并保温一段时间的温控烧结方法(TCS),有利于提高材料的性能。     

Reduction of NOx Stored at Low Temperatures on a NOx Adsorbing Catalyst

Isothermal storage and reduction of NO₂ with CO, C₃H₆ and H₂ as reducing agents on a lean NO _x adsorber was investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) studies. The reduction of NO _x was clearly favoured with H₂ as reducing agent. Carbon monoxide and C₃H₆ showed fairly low reduction of NO _x . The NO _x reduction at low temperatures with H₂ as reducing agent was found to be effective, clearly much more effective than for CO.     

环氧复合材料低温固化剂研究进展

低温固化(固化温度低于100℃)可获得高尺寸稳定性、低成本、力学性能优良的环氧复合材料,室温储存期长的低温固化剂体系是低温固化环氧复合材料的关键。重点探讨了微胶囊型、潜伏性以及其它改性环氧低温固化剂,展望了其未来前景及发展方向。     

二次发射体MgO薄膜的俄歇电子能谱的研究

本文叙述了用PHI—550型给定的俄歇电子能谱(AES)研究了一种新的、性能优异的二次电子发射材料——MgO薄膜。薄膜由Ag—Mg合金经特殊高温激活工艺处理而成。以前人们对这种薄膜内部的各种元素的化学状态以及纵向原子浓度的分布状态一直不太清楚,本实验的成功证明了俄歇(Auger)电子能谱是研究这种薄膜的一种非常合适的实验方法。从实验结果中,我们发现如下几点 1.激活后,Mg和O原子的化学状态发生了显著的变化。 2.激活后,Mg、O和Ag原子的纵深分布也发生了显著的变化。 3.Mg原子氧化不充分,为了改进这一缺点,我们发明了一种新工艺。 4.使用新工艺激活,Mg原子可获充分氧化。     

加压下液体过热的亚稳态

本文用液滴悬浮法测定了十四种碳氢化合物的加压情况下的过热极限，并经筛选由ｍｖｄＷ方程对过热极限进行了预测，发现两者符合较好。