采用新的燃烧方式是陶瓷工业节能减排的一条根本途径

简要介绍了两种新的燃烧方式——富氧燃烧和高温低氧燃烧技术，然后针对我国陶瓷工业的生产特点，对在该行业中研究、开发及推广应用这些新技术提出了若干建议，并指出了采用这些新技术可能是陶瓷工业节能、减排的一条根本途径。     

环保/水质测试仪器的进展

介绍了最常用的水质参数－－酸碱度，电导率／电阻率，溶介氧，固体悬浮物／浊度的测试和进展。     

带氧分布器的固定床反应器中甲烷-空气-水-二氧化碳制合成气

在带氧分布器的固定床反应器(FR-OD)中进行了Ni基催化剂上CH4-air-H2O-CO2三重整制合成气的研究。在分氧比为80%的条件下,考察了反应条件(压力、炉温、空速以及原料气CO2/CH4体积比)对催化剂床层温度分布和反应性能的影响,并进行了200h的寿命实验。结果表明,在压力为0.8MPa,出口温度为850℃,GHSV为13800h-1,原料气组成为V(CH4)/V(air)/V(H2O)/V(CO2)=1/2.4/0.8/0.4,分氧比为80%的条件下,催化剂床层入口处未出现热点,连续运行200h期间催化剂活性未见下降,以上结果初步表明采用氧分布器后的Ni基催化剂上可以较安全地进行甲烷三重整制合成气的操作。     

Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of crown ether substituted zinc phthalocyanines

The photophysical and photochemical properties of the tetra- and octa-12-crown-4-substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines are reported for the first time in the scope of this work. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. General trends are described for photodegradation, singlet oxygen and fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence lifetimes of these compounds in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Photophysical and photochemical properties of phthalocyanine complexes are very useful for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. The effects of the substituents on the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the zinc (II) phthalocyanines (5, 6 and 7) are also reported. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ_Δ) ranged from 0.48 to 0.78 are indicating the potential of the complexes as photosensitizers in applications of PDT. The fluorescences of the substituted ZnPc complexes are effectively quenched by benzoquinone (BQ).     

Modified atmosphere packaging of fresh meats–sudden partial adaptation caused an increase in sustainability of dutch supply chains of fresh meats

In the past decade, a major transition evolved in the Dutch fresh meat industry with ramifications for the entire meat business. In 1995, more than 95% of all fresh meat products for consumers were either sold loose or packed in the traditional way, i.e. on a white styrofoam tray with stretch wrap. Almost a decade later, about half of the meat industry has adapted the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology. Strikingly, the first trials with this technology had already been conducted in The Netherlands in 1964, but it took four decades for the technology to conquer the Dutch meat industry. This paper argued that the partial adaptation of MAP diminished the product losses in fresh meat sales and hence the environmental impact of meat production and consumption. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved magnetic trapped field in thin-wall YBCO single-domain samples by high-pressure oxygen annealing

Oxygen high pressure (up to 16 MPa) has been introduced in the oxygen-annealing step necessary to make the YBa₂Cu₃O_x phase superconducting (change x from 6 to about 7). It enables a displacement in the equilibrium phase diagram towards higher temperatures, which means the possibility to achieve the same final oxygen content as the one at low temperature, but with the benefit of higher diffusion rates. Initial development made on thin bars (1.5–3 mm thick) has confirmed the interest of using a high pressure of oxygen. TEM observations have shown an increase of twin density associated with higher Jc. This is in agreement with other works claiming the possibility of higher Jc by twin engineering, and more precisely by twin refinement while annealing at high temperature. We report the successful application of this process without any adjustment to so-called thin-wall single-domain samples. These samples are obtained by growing a crystal on a pellet already shaped with an array of holes. The advantage is that, as far as diffusion processes are concerned, the typical length is not anymore the diameter of the sample, but the thickness of the walls between holes. The trapped field of 16 mm diameter Y123 thin-wall single-domain samples was doubled (0.6 T vs. 0.3 T at 77 K) in a rather short annealing time (about 3 days). Microstructures as well as magneto-optical observations of plain and thin-wall samples evidenced a reduction of cracks in the thin-wall samples. Improved performances were confirmed by further characterizations performed from 77 down to 20 K using the pulse-field facilities of the LNCMP at Toulouse.     

Poly-o-phenylenediamine as redox mediator for laccase

Electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction of fungal laccase entrapped in poly-o-phenylenediamine (POPDA) matrix on glassy carbon electrodes was studied. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric responses to dissolved oxygen were investigated in pH range from 2 to 6. POPDA reveals a unique ability to serve as a redox mediator for laccase and immobilizing matrix at the same time. The entrapped enzyme efficiently catalyzes reduction of molecular oxygen without any additional mediators. The electrocatalytic current reaches 0.1 mA/cm⁻² per 1 μg of immobilized enzyme on cyclic voltammograms recorded at 1 mV/s in a not stirred electrolyte. Current density values are comparable with those revealed by dissolved laccase (60 μg/ml) mediated by hydroquinone and greatly higher than by the mediator less laccase/glassy carbon system. The potential of oxygen reduction is determined by the polymer redox couple. Consequently, the onset of the oxygen reduction shifts from −0.15 V versus Ag/AgCl in pH 6 to +0.05 V versus Ag/AgCl in pH 2. The laccase-POPDA layers immersed in the deaerated solution show fast amperometric responses to addition of the oxygen containing solution. The observed current values depend linearly on the oxygen concentration. Factors affecting the electrocatalytic activity of the laccase-POPDA system, including the layer thickness and the pH value, are studied. The electrodeposited laccase-POPDA films are characterized by infrared spectra. The results prove that the enzyme secondary structure remains unchanged during the entrapment procedure. POPDA matrix structure consists of the phenazine-type polymer according to infrared spectra.     

高炉富氧大喷煤的操作实践

马钢１３＃高炉利用原料条件改善的有利条件，提高富氧用量，维持适宜的风口前端理论燃烧温度，并通过优化高炉操作，促使炉况稳定顺行，从而提高了喷煤比，进一步强化了高炉冶炼，并使各项技术均得到了很大提高。     

Chemical Potential Diagrams for Rare Earth-Transition Metal-Oxygen Systems: I, Ln-V-O and Ln-Mn-O System

The thermodynamic properties of double oxides in rare earth-transition metal (V and Mn)-oxygen ternary systems have been collected and evaluated to examine their stability using chemical potential diagrams plotted as log (α_A/α_B) vs log ( P (O₂)). The thermodynamic regularities of perovskites, pyrochlores, and other compounds have been discussed in terms of the effective ionic radii across a series of rare earths. The obtained regularities have been used to estimate tentatively the thermodynamic properties of some rare-earth vanadium and manganese oxides.     

震后医用氧舱检验的必要性及检验过程

本文对地震后的医用氧舱检验重点进行分析,并且分项进行了介绍。