板式地板辐射供暖系统传热性能模拟研究

建立了板式地板辐射供暖的二维稳态传热模型。采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,分析了地板表面温度分布、传热计算单元内部温度分布、地板表面热流密度的影响因素及地板表面平均温度的影响因素,在考虑地板向下传热时对模拟计算结果进行了修正。供、回水平均温度是影响地板表面热流密度和平均温度的主要因素。当室内温度为20℃时,在维持适宜的地板表面平均温度范围24~28℃的前提下,供、回水平均温度的变化范围为27~34℃,考虑地板向下传热后,应控制在30~35℃。考虑地板向下传热后,应将模拟计算结果乘以一个不小于0.9的修正系数。     

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Rice Panicle Blast Resistance Gene,Pb2, Encoding NLR Protein

Rice blast is one of the main diseases in rice and can occur in different rice growth stages. Due to the complicated procedure of panicle blast identification and instability of panicle blast infection influenced by the environment, most cloned rice resistance genes are associated with leaf blast. In this study, a rice panicle blast resistance gene, Pb2, was identified by genome-wide association mapping based on the panicle blast resistance phenotypes of 230 Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1) accessions with 700,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A genome-wide association study identified 18 panicle blast resistance loci (PBRL) within two years, including 9 reported loci and 2 repeated loci (PBRL2 and PBRL13, PBRL10 and PBRL18). Among them, the repeated locus (PBRL10 and PBRL18) was located in chromosome 11. By haplotype and expression analysis, one of the Nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich Repeat (NLR) Pb2 genes was highly conserved in multiple resistant rice cultivars, and its expression was significantly upregulated after rice blast infection. Pb2 encodes a typical NBS-LRR protein with NB-ARC domain and LRR domain. Compared with wild type plants, the transgenic rice of Pb2 showed enhanced resistance to panicle and leaf blast with reduced lesion number. Subcellular localization of Pb2 showed that it is located on plasma membrane, and GUS tissue-staining observation found that Pb2 is highly expressed in grains, leaf tips and stem nodes. The Pb2 transgenic plants showed no difference in agronomic traits with wild type plants. It indicated that Pb2 could be useful for breeding of rice blast resistance.     

微穿孔板传递矩阵计算方法的改进及实验

传统的声电类比法对双层微穿孔板吸声结构进行计算时,忽略了空腔声质量的影响,对于空腔距离比较短,频率比较低时是适用的,但是当空腔距离比较大或频率比较高时,则存在误差。用传递矩阵法对微穿孔板吸声结构进行分析：解决了空腔声阻抗的近似计算带来的误差;对于微孔部分传递矩阵中的声阻抗计算仍然采用马大猷教授的理论,不需要引入修正参数δx。通过上述工作,进行了微穿孔板吸声结构的吸声系数的计算和相应的实验验证,理论计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。     

具有深度亚波长厚度的共面可调完美吸声板EI北大核心CSCD

针对具有深度亚波长厚度的声学超构吸声板,研究了其声学特性和物理吸声机制,以及进一步提高其低频声学特性的可能性。该吸声板单元通过将带有小孔的分隔板内置于以阿基米德螺旋形成的共面腔体中形成双层穿孔吸声体结构。研究表明,通过调整分隔板在腔体中的位置,可以在较宽的频带范围内改变吸声板的共振频率,而不改变其近似完美吸声的声学性能。对该吸声板建立了完整的用于描述其声学特性的理论模型,并通过数值模拟的方法揭示了其物理吸声机制。同时,研究并分析了吸声板结构参数对其声学特性的影响,为进一步改善其低频声学性能提供了基础。为了验证研究结论的有效性,采用3D打印技术对所设计的样品进行打印,测量结果与理论计算和数值模拟得到的结果具有很好的一致性。与未加入分隔板的吸声结构相比,该吸声板可以在更低的频率下获得近全吸声的效果。     

梯度铝蜂窝夹芯板的力学行为

梯度分层铝合金蜂窝板是一种有效的吸能结构,本工作在梯度铝蜂窝结构的基础上根据梯度率的概念,通过改变蜂窝芯层的胞壁长度,设计了4种质量相同、梯度率不同的铝蜂窝夹芯结构。通过准静态压缩实验,并结合非线性有限元模拟准静态及冲击态下梯度铝蜂窝夹芯结构的变形情况及其力学性能,分析对比了相同质量下梯度铝蜂窝夹芯结构在准静态下的变形模式以及冲击载荷下分层均质蜂窝结构和不同梯度率的分层梯度蜂窝结构的动态响应和能量吸收特性。结果表明:在准静态压缩过程中,铝蜂窝梯度夹芯板的变形具有明显的局部化特征,蜂窝芯的变形为低密度优先变形直至密实,层级之间的密实化应变差随芯层密度的增大而逐渐减小;在高速冲击下,梯度蜂窝板并非严格按照准静态过程中逐级变形直至密实,而是在锤头冲击惯性及芯层密度的相互作用下整体发生的线弹性变形、弹性屈曲、塑性坍塌及密实化;另外,在本工作所设计的梯度率中,当梯度率为γ₁=0.0276时,梯度蜂窝夹芯板的吸能性达到最好,相较于同等质量下的均质蜂窝夹芯板,能量吸收提高了10.63%。     

复合板件内损耗因子的声激励测量方法

以泡沫铝夹芯板为研究对象,分别应用稳态半功率点带宽法与混响室声激励法测得其内损耗因子。根据统计能量分析预测模型,将实验室实测泡沫铝夹芯板隔声量代入其中,逆推出预测模型中内损耗因子真值,并与以上两种方法测得的内损耗因子进行了对比分析,结果表明:半功率点带宽法仅能测得泡沫铝夹芯板的结构损耗因子,而混响室声激励法则能够综合考虑其结构阻尼和吸声损耗,从而获得更适用于隔声预测的综合内损耗因子。研究内容可为存在吸声损耗的复杂板件内损耗因子的获取提供方法借鉴。     

Crack path stability in cracked panel

Abstract

The prediction of the crack growth path plays a significant role in the estimation of the final shape of broken solids and structures. Furthermore, the study of the crack path in broken specimens renders the loading conditions just before fracture. Experiments on brittle materials, pre‐cracked specimens of the same geometry, under similar loading conditions, occasionally result in different trajectories of the crack propagation. The already proposed theories for the prediction of the crack path (in) stability are based on the perturbation method in combination with analytical and finite elements methods; however, they require knowledge of the toughness equations. Therefore, they can only be applied in specimens with uncomplicated geometry and straightforward loadings. In the present paper the problem of the crack path (in) stability, is approached from a different viewpoint. Using a finite element program, the stres field is calculated, and consequently, a plotting program constructs the contours map of the strain energy density on the idealized geometry of the specimen or structure. For the determination of the predicted trajectory of the crack during unstable propagation, the minimum of the strain energy density criterion (SED) is used. The forecasted trajectory appears with the drawing of the “gorge” on the contours map of the strain energy density. Based on the estimation criterion, which claims that the degree of stability is a function of the distinctness of the gorge plot, we can predict the degree of the crack path stability. Therefore, this simple method offers good reliability in the prediction of the crack path stability for two as well as three‐dimensional problems with complex geometry structures and arbitrary loadings. In order to clarify the suggested prediction method, we apply it on the central cracked panel where a rich international practical experience exists. The results that are analysed in the present work, are in good agreement with equivalent published experimental results.     

热水地板辐射供暖系统的设计与数值模拟

介绍了热水地板辐射供暖系统的设计。对采用热水地板辐射供暖系统的办公室的速度场、温度场进行了数值模拟,室内气流分布比较均匀,没有吹风感觉,竖直方向温度梯度较小,热舒适度较好。     

混凝土夹芯板滑移与变形的理论计算及分析

对均布荷载作用下简支混凝土夹芯板的滑移及其对混凝土夹芯板变形挠度影响的理论计算进行了研究和分析,推导出了简支混凝土夹芯板的滑移和变形挠度的理论计算公式,该公式既能描述混凝土夹芯板的滑移规律,也能体现滑移对混凝土夹芯板变形挠度的影响。同时推导出了开裂弯矩的计算公式,确定了滑移和变形挠度计算公式的适用范围。通过与试验和有限元分析结果的比较表明:理论公式计算的结果与试验和有限元分析结果较吻合,可以在实际工程中用来计算混凝土夹芯板的滑移和弯曲变形。     

基于虚拟仪器的远程测试系统的设计与实现

在研究以太网和虚拟仪器技术的基础上,为飞机的供电系统地面试验,构建了一个网络化的远程测试系统.对LabVIEW软件所提供的网络通信技术的特性和异同点进行了深入的研究与比较;详细论述了通过VI Server和DataSocket技术实现远程数据采集的方法;以及给出了利用Remote Panel技术实现远程面板发布的具体设计;地面试验表明,系统运行稳定,并充分满足高速传输和实时通信的设计要求.