饲料级磷酸氢钙结晶习性研究

用一定浓度的石灰乳中和脱氟磷酸制备饲料级磷酸氢钙 (DCP) ,研究中和过程中影响磷酸氢钙结晶的主要因素。实验结果表明 :终点 p H值是影响结晶的关键因素 ;加料时间、搅拌强度和反应温度对磷酸氢钙的结晶粒度有一定影响 ;而养晶时间的影响不明显。通过实验数据分析处理得出实验条件下最佳工艺条件 :p H6 .0 0～6 .30 ;搅拌转速 4 0 0～ 4 5 0 r/min;反应温度 15～ 30℃ ;养晶时间 15～ 2 0 min     

2004年全国磷肥、硫酸生产和消费概述

介绍我国2004年磷肥各品种产量及产品结构、硫酸产量及原料结构以及磷复肥和硫磺、硫酸的表观消费量、进出口的情况。磷肥产量2004年达1017.4万tP2O5,高浓度磷肥的比例占54%;硫酸产量2004年达3995万t,其中硫铁矿与硫磺制酸分别占35.8%与40.6%。国产磷肥自给率已达94.3%,国内市场占有率达87%,进口仅占13%。预测2005年磷肥与硫酸产量分别为1100万tP2O5和4400万t,预计进口硫磺将达800万t。     

在钙镁磷肥高炉上喷吹煤粉的可行性分析

借鉴炼铁高炉在喷吹煤粉技术方面取得的成功经验,结合钙镁磷肥高炉与炼铁高炉相似的工作原理,分析在钙镁磷肥高炉上采用喷吹煤粉工艺路线的可行性。     

大型料浆法磷铵装置的技术与装备

介绍“中和料浆浓缩法磷铵工艺”在装置大型化进程中各单元工序技术和装备的发展情况,特别是料浆浓缩法工艺在与传统法磷铵工艺装置相结合,优势互补,实现联产的技术创新过程中,所取得的工艺和大型装备技术水平的进步。     

磷酸铁锂锂离子电池正极材料的研究

锂离子电池是绿色高能可充电池，具有工作电压高、比能量大、自放电小、循环寿命长、无记忆效应、无环境污染等突出优点。本文从磷酸铁锂的结构与性能、材料的制备方法、改性、粒径控制等几方面综述了近年来对橄榄石型磷酸铁锂（LiFePO4）锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展。材料的粒度大小及其分布、离子和电子的传导能力对产品的电化学性能影响很大。在制备时，采用惰性气氛、掺杂导电材料和控制晶粒生长制备粉体是获得性能优良的LiFePO4的有效方法。     

微乳法合成磷酸钙纳米纤维及其机理探讨

分别以非离子表面活性剂（C₁₂E₈）和阳离子表面活性剂（CTAB）为模板剂,在反微乳体系中制备了磷酸钙纳米纤维.在水/C₁₂E₈/环己烷体系中纤维长约为325 nm,宽约为13 nm,为无定形态;在水/CTAB/环己烷体系中纳米纤维的长度>500 nm,宽度约为14 nm,结晶较完全.两种表面活性剂的作用机理完全不同：在非离子表面活性剂体系中,表面活性剂主要起到“微反应器”的作用;而在阳离子表面活性剂中,表面活性剂主要起到“生长引导剂”作用.     

Synthesis and evaluation of new amphiphilic polyethylene glycol-based triblock copolymer surfactants

We report in this investigation the synthesis of a new series of amphiphilic ABA-triblock copolymers consisting of double-chain hydrophobic moieties (A) of different chain lengths attached to each end of polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights (B). The identities of the prepared compounds were confirmed by elemental and Fourier transform infrared analyses. The prepared compounds showed good water solubility. Some of their surface properties, such as the critical micelle concentration, effectiveness of water surface tension reduction, surface excess concentration, standard free energies of adsorption and micellization, and surface area per molecule, were determined.     

Corrosion inhibition of triethanolammonium bromide mono- and dibenzoate as cationic inhibitors in an acidic medium

A weight loss technique was used to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of synthesized alkyl mono-and dibenzoate triethanolammonium bromide derivatives (TEAMB, TEADB) in an acidic medium (2 N HCl) at different doses (50, 100, and 200 ppm). The results showed that monoderivatives had a higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than diderivatives. The results were correlated with several factors, including the alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic chains, interfacial tension (IT), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and adsorption free energy of these inhibitors. Increasing the geometric length of the alkyl chains in the synthesized inhibitors had an increasing effect on their corrosion inhibition efficiency, whereas decreasing the CMC and IT had an increasing effect on their tendency toward corrosion inhibition. The number of hydrophobic chains attached to the inhibitor molecules had a vital influence on their efficiency as corrosion inhibitors.     

Marvelous self-assembly of hierarchically nanostructured porous zirconium phosphate solid acids with high thermal stability

A hierarchical structure of thermally stable macroporous zirconium phosphate solid acids with supermicroporous walls was prepared by a simple self-assembly process from the precursors of zirconium propoxide and orthophosphoric acid solution. The macroporous structures are uniform with the diameters ranging from 300 to 800 nm, one-dimensional channel-like. The effect of surfactant Brij 56 on the formation of macroporous structures has been studied. The frameworks of the synthesized hierarchical zirconium phosphates are amorphous with Zr–O–P bonding, exhibiting remarkably high thermal stability (at least 800 °C), on the basis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Larger quantities of Zr–OH and P–OH groups are observed besides surface hydroxyl groups, suggesting the presence of acidity and the possibility of surface functionalization for practical applications including catalysis. The macroporous zirconium phosphates with hierarchical structures could also be the potential and efficient catalyst supports for the design of the structured catalysts and reactors.     

金属接骨螺钉断裂失效原因

对断裂的金属接骨螺钉进行了化学成分、硬度、显微组织分析及表面加工质量的检测。对检测结果分析表明,螺钉所使用的材料符合国家标准要求,螺钉的螺纹根部加工刀痕处应力集中,产生多条裂纹,导致螺钉断裂。