六氟丙烯等离子体处理对锦纶和涤纶织物表面性能的影响

以六氟丙烯为气氛对锦纶和涤纶织物进行等离子体处理,处理后织物表面的水接触角有一定的提高,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析等离子体处理前后的元素组成及官能团变化.等离子体处理后在不同织物表面引入的氟元素含量不同,Cls分峰表明在织物表面引入的-CF、-CF2和-CF3基团相对含量也有所不同,说明不同纤维等离子体处理后含氟基团在织物表面的结合方式有所区别.     

Effect of potential cycling on structure and activity of Pt nanoparticles dispersed on different carbon supports

Platinum particles synthesized via the Bönnemann methods were dispersed on two different Vulcan XC72 carbon supports. One was used after thermal treatment at 400 °C under nitrogen atmosphere, the other after oxidation of its surface by acid leaching using diluted HNO₃ in water (1/3). Characterization of the carbon support indicated that HNO₃ treatment leads to the decrease of the BET surface and to the increase of the surface acidity of the carbon support. After dispersion of the platinum catalyst, TEM results indicated that the mean particle size was a little higher on the non-oxidized support (Pt/XC72) than that on the functionalized one (Pt/XC72_HNO3), being 2.5 and 2.0 nm, respectively. However, potential cycles from 0.05 to 1.25 V vs. RHE led to a higher increase of the particle size when catalyst is dispersed on the functionalized support, reaching after 400 potential cycles 5.5 nm against 4.0 nm with the non-functionalized one. The effect of the upper limit (1.0 and 1.25 V vs. RHE) of the potential cycles on the active surface area and on the activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (orr) was determined for both catalysts. Results indicated that the particle growth was not the main degradation process over the whole duration of the electrochemical experiments, but that dissolution/redeposition (Otswald ripening) was also involved. The predominant role of each degradation process depends on the number of cycles, on the upper potential limit and on the carbon surface state, and could be temporally separated. However, the lower activity towards orr was recorded for the (Pt/XC72_HNO3) cycled up to 1.0 V vs. RHE.     

Preparation, characterisation of thermally treated Algerian dolomite powders and application to azo-dye adsorption

Dolomite powder from Ouled Mimoun, Tlemcen (western region of Algeria) was thermally treated within the temperature range 450-1000 °C. The modifications undergone by dolomite, inherent to thermal treatment, were investigated from X-ray diffraction patterns. The results were also discussed using scanning electronic microscopy and nitrogen adsorption. The XRD data, analysed from X Pert Plus program, showed that the dolomite phase ceases at 700 °C and is relayed by the formation of in situ calcite and periclase. The crystallographic parameters of these two phases tend towards that of pure periclase and calcite at 1000 and 900 °C, respectively. SEM analysis indicated that the morphological properties were profoundly affected. SEM images of D-1000 (sample treated at 1000 °C) indicated that the original particle shape of dolomite (presence of discrete grains having sharp edges with presence of cleavages) was totally destroyed, leading to small spherical particles with a diameter of 0.1 μm. The specific surface area value of D-1000 increased more than 6 times against that of the raw dolomite. Adsorption of azo-dye Orange I from aqueous solutions onto untreated and treated dolomites was also reported. The isotherms were of L-type. The interaction was explained by electrostatic considerations between sulfonate groups of the dye (D-SO₃Na), which are dissociated in the aqueous system, and positively charged adsorption sites. The affinity of orange I for the dolomitic solids follows the sequence D-900 > D-1000 > D-800 > > D-600 > raw dolomite. The maximum retention capacity shown by D-900 was explained and correlated with its crystallographic properties.     

关于焦化厂酚氰废水治理途径的探索

针对焦化酚氰废水传统的治理技术中存在的问题,提出了新的焦化酚氰废水治理方案,主要由传统的废水治理后外排,转变为治理后回用,并介绍了已投用的采用新废水治理试验系统的焦化厂的情况,对60万t/a焦化厂,可节约稀释用工业水30万m3/a,并可回用废水约17万m3/a,有较好的经济效果和环保效果。     

氟化改性D751螯合树脂的制备及应用

通过直接对亚胺基二乙酸型螯合树脂(D751)进行表面氟化改性,使氟原子在树脂骨架上分布,在树脂表层形成橡胶弹性体。改性螯合树脂用于离子膜法烧碱盐水的二次精制,吸附性能和力学性能均得到提高。     

热处理对高钒高速钢中残余奥氏体量的影响

采用铁磁性法测定了高钒高速钢中残余奥氏体量。研究了淬火温度和回火温度对高钒高速钢残余奥氏体量的影响。结果表明：淬火加热温度升高，残余奥氏体量增加；回火温度升高，残余奥氏体量降低。在试验淬火温度范围(900～1100℃)内450℃以下回火，奥氏体含量变化不明显；回火温度达到550℃时，残余奥氏体含量迅速降低。     

Sintering behavior and effect of silver nanoparticles on the resistivity of electrically conductive adhesives composed of silver flakes

In this paper, silver nanoparticles with size of 30–50 nm were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride and sodium citrate and using PVP as an adsorption agent in the ethanol solution. The experimental results indicate that the morphologies and sintering behaviors of both kinds of silver nanoparticles are impacted by glutaric acid and sintering temperature. The electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) filled with micro-sized silver flakes and silver nanoparticles as hybrid fillers were fabricated and the electrical properties were investigated based on the fraction of the silver nanoparticles of the total of silver flakes and the curing temperature, etc. The incorporation of the untreated/treated silver nanoparticles into the polymer matrix with 65?wt% silver filler the resistivity increased in almost all cases, especially the high fraction and the low curing temperature. The curing temperature has influence on the resistivity of the ECAs filled with micro-sized silver flakes and the silver nanoparticles due to the sintering of the silver nanoparticles. The addition of 10% treated silver nanoparticles into the ECAs with 60?wt% silver fillers, the resistivity is slightly lower than that of the ECAs with micro-sized silver flakes. In the system of the ECAs with the high loading of silver fillers, the untreated/treated silver nanoparticles have little effect on the electrical conductivity. The results suggest that the morphology and distribution of silver fillers are the key to affect the conductivity of ECAs when nanoparticles are included in the system.     

华北某发电工程冷却塔地基处理设计

华北某发电工程规划容量2×350 MW,冷却设备为2座加高型3 000 m2自然通风冷却塔,采用环板式基础型式,基底的平均压强可达220 kPa以上,环板基础坐落在粉质粘土层,承载力特征值为140 kPa,下卧层为粉土,承载力特征值为200 kPa。地面下20.00 m深度内存在饱和粉土层,初步判别在地震基本烈度为Ⅷ度时不液化,该场地土为Ⅱ类,土壤标准冻结深度为0.80 m,地震动峰值加速度为0.20 g,地下水位埋深8.00 m左右,对普通混凝土无腐蚀性,对钢结构及钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋具有弱腐蚀性。由于冷却塔所在位置原为养鱼池后改建为游泳池,受长期渗漏影响,基底土层普遍为软塑状态,属于中等至高压缩性土,不能满足天然地基的要求。经过技术经济比较,确定采用水泥粉煤灰桩复合地基。     

Biosorption Potential of Coco-Peat in the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions

An agro-waste, coco-peat was investigated as a biosorbent for methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The practicability of biosorption process was examined by varying the experimental parameters such as pH (2-9), initial concentration (50-200 mg/L), contact time (2-240 min), and temperature (298-318 K). Maximum uptake of 212.8 mg/g was observed at pH 8 based on the Langmuir model. Among different isotherm models examined (Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Sips), the Redlich-Peterson model described the experimental isotherms well. Coco-peat was characterized using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and their morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.