格尔伯特醇制备中镍铝合金与氢氧化钾的协同效应

分别以氢氧化钾为提供碱活性中心的催化剂,镍铝合金为提供金属脱氢活性中心的催化剂,催化癸醇合成二十碳格尔伯特醇反应,考察碱催化活性中心、金属催化脱氢活性中心、以及金属催化脱氢与碱催化活性中心同时存在对格尔伯特反应的影响。结果表明:只有碱催化活性中心存在,与金属催化脱氢与碱催化活性中心同时存在,格尔伯特反应机制不同;金属催化脱氢与碱催化中心之间存在协同效应,碱性活性中心存在的条件下,有利于金属催化醇脱氢生成相应的醛;而仅有金属活性中心时,在常压和液相条件下,醇脱氢生成醛的反应难以实现。     

磷酸钾镁水泥耐高温性能研究

研究了不同温度处理对磷酸钾镁水泥性能的影响,并利用X射线衍射仪、综合热分析仪、扫描电子显微镜对机理进行了分析。试验结果表明,在100℃以上的高温环境下,磷酸钾镁水泥质量会减少、强度会发生降低;物相分析的结果显示,高温处理后磷酸钾镁水泥的主要水化产物Mg KPO4·6H2O衍射峰会降低;热重分析的结果显示,磷酸钾镁水泥试样在108℃左右有一个明显的吸热谷并伴随着明显的质量损失;微观形貌分析的结果显示,经高温处理后磷酸钾镁水泥的水化产物减少,过烧氧化镁会大量裸露。磷酸钾镁水泥经高温处理后性能下降是水化产物在高温下分解导致的。     

聚丙烯腈-亚铁氰化钾镍对Cs~+的动态吸附性能

通过动态吸附实验,研究了聚丙烯腈基亚铁氰化钾镍(PAN-KNi CF)对模拟放射性废水及实际放射性废水中Cs+的吸附效果,并采用SEM、FT-IR、XRD等对吸附剂进行了表征。结果表明,PAN-KNi CF能够有效地去除水中的Cs+,当溶液中含有共存离子时,PAN-KNi CF吸附Cs+的穿透曲线都从右向左移动;减容比为2 122时,PANKNi CF对实际放射性废水中137Cs的去污因子仍高达512;被PAN-KNi CF吸附的137Cs衰变成137Bam后会从PANKNi CF上解析下来。     

PEW包覆型稳定性高铁酸钾制备及性能研究

采用熔融搅拌分散冷凝法制备了聚乙烯蜡包覆型稳定性高铁酸钾,考察物料配比、搅拌速度和搅拌时间对包覆率的影响,用SEM和IR对包覆的高铁酸钾进行表征。结果表明:高铁酸钾可被聚乙烯蜡较好地包覆,在m(聚乙烯蜡)∶m(K_2Fe O_4)为5∶1、搅拌速度为600 r/min、搅拌时间为40 min的最佳制备条件下,包覆率可达90%以上;m(聚乙烯蜡)∶m(K_2Fe O_4)为3∶1~8∶1包覆品的10 d吸水率在0.67%~4%之间(25℃、湿度75%),远低于未包覆K_2Fe O_4的吸水率(39%)。K_2FeO_4在水中的释放规律符合η=ktn动力学模型(R20.97)。     

Iodine potassium iodide improves the contrast‐to‐noise ratio of micro‐computed tomography images of the human middle ear

High‐resolution imaging of middle‐ear geometry is necessary for finite‐element modeling. Although micro‐computed tomography (microCT) is widely used because of its ability to image bony structures of the middle ear, it is difficult to visualize soft tissues – including the tympanic membrane and the suspensory ligaments/tendons – because of lack of contrast. The objective of this research is to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of iodine potassium iodide (IKI) solution as a contrast agent. Six human temporal bones were used in this experiment, which were obtained in right‐left pairs, from three cadaveric heads. All bones were fixed using formaldehyde. Three bones (one from each pair) were stained in IKI solution for 2 days, whereas the other three were not stained. Samples were scanned using a microCT system at a resolution of 20 μm. Eight soft tissues in the middle ear were segmented: anterior mallear ligament, incudomallear joint, lateral mallear ligament, posterior incudal ligament, stapedial annular ligament, stapedius muscle, tympanic membrane and tensor tympani muscle. Contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) of each soft tissue were calculated for each temporal bone. Combined CNRs of the soft tissues in unstained samples were 6.1 ± 3.0, whereas they were 8.1 ± 2.7 in stained samples. Results from Welch's t‐test indicate significant difference between the two groups at a 95% confidence interval. Results for paired t‐tests for each of the individual soft tissues also indicated significant improvement of contrast in all tissues after staining. Relatively large soft tissues in the middle ear such as the tympanic membrane and the tensor tympani muscle were impacted by staining more than smaller tissues such as the stapedial annular ligament. The increase in contrast with IKI solution confirms its potential application in automatic segmentation of the middle‐ear soft tissues.     

K2ZrF6含量对ZrH1.8表面微弧氧化阻氢膜层的影响

采用微弧氧化技术在ZrH_1.8表面制备阻氢膜层,研究在Na₅P₃O₁₀-NaOH-Na₂EDTA电解液体系中K₂ZrF₆含量对膜层组织结构和阻氢性能的影响。借助场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析膜层的微观结构和物相组成。采用涂层测厚仪对膜层的厚度进行测量,通过真空脱氢实验表征膜层的阻氢性能。相比未加入K₂ZrF₆时,电解液中添加适量K₂ZrF₆有助于改善膜层的表面质量,减少膜层中微孔和裂纹等缺陷的出现。XRD分析表明,不同K₂ZrF₆浓度时ZrH_1.8表面微弧氧化制备的膜层均主要由m-ZrO₂,t-ZrO₂和少量c-ZrO₂相组成。膜层厚度和氢渗透降低因子(PRF)随K₂ZrF₆浓度的增加均呈先增大后减小趋势,当K₂ZrF₆为4g·L^-1时,膜层的厚度最大为68.7μm,PRF最大为13.1,且膜层中大尺寸缺陷较少,添加K₂ZrF₆制备的陶瓷膜的阻氢性能均得到提高。K₂ZrF₆添加剂的加入可以使ZrH_1.8表面微弧氧化膜层的厚度增大,致密性增强,进而阻氢性能提高,膜层表面质量也得到改善。     

我国积极破解钾盐矿资源短缺迷局

本文介绍了钾肥的应用范围,阐述了我国钾盐的生产情况、需求空间和对进口的依赖程度,重点介绍了我国主要的钾盐资源和泰国、老挞、俄罗斯等周边国家的钾盐资源.最后提出了要充分利用国内外＂两种资源、两个市场＂,建立起我国强有力的钾肥资源保障体系,保障我国农村的可持续发展.     

碘化浸金试验研究

碘化浸金是一种新的非氰化浸金方法。文章详细介绍了不适合浮选处理的含碳原生金矿焙烧试验和碘化浸出时各影响因素试验。分析了各种实验现象，通过试验得出了合理的焙烧温度为650℃、碘化浸出率可提高15％左右，浸出速度快等结论。     

Sharpening polycrystalline phase boundary for potassium sodium niobate ceramics with MnF2 modification

The influence of anion on structure and performance is unclear in potassium sodium niobate ((K,Na)NbO₃; KNN)-based ceramics, while cation doping has been widely researched. Here, the phase structure and electrical properties are explored in MnF₂-doped KNN ceramics. Significantly, sharp rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) and orthorhombic–tetragonal (O–T) phase boundary as well as reduced diffusion degree is exhibited in the ceramics along with little changed phase transition temperatures due to the optimized F⁻ content at O site, which is different from that of cation replacement for A and B sites. Notably, the domain wall motion is facilitated due to the increased A vacancy and decreased O vacancy along with strengthened polarity, originating from the higher valence state and electronegativity of F⁻ with respect to O²⁻. And then, enhanced ferroelectricity is realized via MnF₂ modification, the piezoelectricity is elevated in turn. This work presents a new idea of anion doping for controlling structure and properties in perovskite materials.     

枸杞杆制活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

以宁夏农业废弃物枸杞杆为原料,用不同的活化剂分别制备磷酸-活性炭（P-AC）、氢氧化钾-活性炭（K-AC）、磷酸-氢氧化钾-活性炭（P-K-AC）,利用比表面积测试（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）解析活性炭的孔结构和表面特性,并探究活性炭对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的去除效果。研究结果表明：P-K-AC比P-AC、K-AC具有更大的比表面积（1 519.84 m²/g）和总孔体积（0.81 cm³/g）,P-AC、K-AC、P-K-AC的平均孔径分别为5.28、2.58、1.99 nm,P-K-AC以微孔为主,K-AC、P-AC均为介孔。3种活性炭表面均分布着丰富的含氧官能团和大量的无定型碳,为吸附MB提供了活性位点。在25 ℃条件下,将10 mg的P-AC、K-AC、P-K-AC分别加入50 mL质量浓度为100 mg/L的MB溶液中用于吸附MB实验。结果表明：P-K-AC的吸附效果最好,吸附率达到95%、吸附量为480.81 mg/g;其次是K-AC,吸附量为352.26 mg/g;P-AC吸附量最小,为225.01 mg/g。P-AC,K-AC、P-K-AC对MB的吸附过程都符合伪二级动力学模型、颗粒内扩散模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。