材料研究中系列试样的单标样法 X 射线定量分析

本文提出了用一个标样进行系列试样 X 射线定量相分析的方法.它克服了一般 X 射线定量方法需要混合研磨和手续烦复的缺点以及无标样 X 射线定量方法存在病态方程不易解决的问题.该方法对常规 X 射线定量分析具有普遍的实用性.     

油气两相压降数值试井模型及其典型曲线的规律

提出油气两相流动压降试井数字模型的数值解法，用此解法对均质油藏中油气两相流动试井的规律进行了研究，根据实例计算结果，分析油气两相流下典型压降试井曲线的特征，以及油、气的初始饱和度分布，两相黏度比，饱和度梯度、相对渗透率关系对试井曲线的影响和相应的作用机理，首次发现气体的存在会使油气两相试井的压力导数曲线表现出类似于单相流双重介质试井的压力导数曲线的“下凹”特征。     

自旋为j的粒子在旋转磁砀中的几何相位

用相干态的方法得到旋转磁场中自旋为j的粒子的态矢量的严格表达式，由此可计算相干态和叠加相干态的Abaronov－Anandan相位（AA相让）．并具有清楚的物理图象．     

几何位相非线性变化的实验研究

本文报道了Pancharatnam位相非线性变化的实验研究，实验结果与理论预言符合得很好。Pancharatnam位相的这种非线性可能在光开关中得到应用。     

钾钠铌酸锶钡系列晶体自泵浦位相共轭镜的研究

报道了钾钠铌酸锶（ＫＮＳＢＮ）晶体系列自泵浦位相共轭反射镜的最新研究结果。ＫＮＳＢＮ：Ｃｕ、ＫＮＳＢＮ：Ｃｏ和ＫＮＳＢＮ：Ｃｅ自泵浦位相共轭反射镜的反射率分别可达７３％、７３％和８４．３％，ＫＮＳＢＮ：Ｃｕ自泵浦位相共轭反射镜的响应时间在低功率下达２００ｍｓ。     

Effect of Bi and Sr concentrations on the formation of the 2223 phase in Bi-Pb-Sb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O materials, obtained under different conditions of thermal treatment

The superconducting properties and the phase and chemical composition of Bi _x Pb_0.3Sb_0.1Sr _y Ca₂Cu₃O_z (x=1.5, 1.6, and 1.7;y=1.9, 2.0, and 2.1) materials synthesized by one-step and multistep thermal treatments have been investigated. The multistep annealing between 825–875°C promotes the 2223 phase. The change of Bi concentration has little effect on the 2223 phase formation, regardless of the kind of thermal treatment used, but increasing the Sr concentration (y> 2) strongly inhibits this phase. It has also been established that the loss of Pb after synthesis depends on the initial Bi concentration. The loss of Pb decreases when the initial Bi content is lower.     

α-戊(己)基肉桂醛的合成

采用聚乙二醇 ( PEG 2 0 0 )作相转移催化剂 ,用氢氧化钾醇水溶液代替氢氧化钾醇溶液合成了 α 戊 (己 )基肉桂醛 ,收率提高到 85%以上。用此工艺合成的产品纯度高 ,香气好 ,具有较高的工业实用价值。     

相转移催化合成芳基烷基醚

报道了以四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂，简便地合成了１０个芳基烷基醚，反应几乎是定量地快速进行。     

热力学相图计算技术在闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁中的应用

将热力学相图计算技术应用于Si-Fe-O-N体系,以评估由FeSi75粉闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的条件和目标产物。结果表明:将闪速燃烧温度控制在1200～1500℃之间较为适宜,此时平衡态产物中除主要含有Si3N4以外,还有一定量的Fe与Si间化合物和少量稳定的SiO2存在。此计算结果与实际试验结果吻合良好。     

Acidogenic fermentation of blended food‐waste in combination with primary sludge for the production of volatile fatty acids

The performance of a laboratory‐scale anaerobic acidogenic fermenter fed with a mixture of blended kitchen food‐waste and primary sludge from a sewage treatment plant was investigated for the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). The operating variables for acidogenic fermentation were kitchen food‐waste content (10 and 25 wt %), hydraulic retention time (HRT: 1, 3 and 5 days), temperature (ambient: 18 ± 2 °C, and mesophilic: 35 ± 2 °C) and pH (varied from 5.2 to 6.7). The experimental results indicated that effluent VFA concentrations and VFA production rates were higher at ambient temperature than at mesophilic conditions. The net amount of VFA with 10 wt % food‐waste increased up to 920 mg dm^?3 with an increase of HRT, but contrasting results (a decrease of 2610 mg dm^?3) were found due to the conversion of VFA into biogas in the case of 25 wt % food‐waste, which increased significantly at HRT of 3–5 days. In terms of biogas composition (CO₂ and CH₄), the organic matter was converted into CO₂ through the oxidative pathway by facultative species at low temperature while mesophilic temperature and optimum pH (6.3–7.8) played a pivotal role in increasing rate of conversion of VFA into biogas by methanogenesis. Rates of VFA production and their conversion are dependent on the food‐waste content in the mixture. Yet, the higher concentration of food‐waste (25% compared with 10%) did not produce VFA proportionally due to the increased rate of conversion of VFA into gaseous products. The maximum VFA production rate (0.318 g VFA_produced g^?1 VS_fed day^?1) was achieved in the 10 wt % food‐waste at ambient temperature and at a 5‐day HRT. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry