边坡临界滑动面搜索的奖惩蚁群算法研究

边坡滑动面搜索是边坡稳定计算中一项关键的问题,其实质为安全系数最小滑动路径的搜索问题,本文对采用路径搜索的蚁群算法引入奖惩策略,加大较优路径和普通路径上信息素的差异,分化各条路径上的信息素,以克服其收敛速度慢、早熟收敛的缺点。通过把边坡滑动面搜索模型离散化,采用奖惩蚁群算法解决滑动面搜索问题,提出了一种临界滑动面搜索的新方法。最后对一个简单边坡和复杂边坡的典型算例及一个大坝边坡工程的应用实例进行了计算,验证了新算法的有效性及其高效性。结果表明,无论是对简单边坡还是复杂边坡,本文算法都能以更快的速度搜索到结果更好的临界滑动面,工程应用效果良好。     

软土超深基坑失稳破坏的离心模型试验研究

通过土工离心机对三组挖深24 m软土超深基坑的开挖施工过程及失稳破坏进行模拟,研究了软土超深基坑稳定影响因素、破坏特征与征兆等.结果显示,墙趾进入硬土层后的嵌固作用对"踢脚"变形控制非常有利,也显著提高了基坑稳定性.嵌固作用在墙趾插入到硬土层中一定深度以后不再随插入深度增加而增强.挡墙位于上海典型软黏土中且不进入硬土层时,其临界插入深度比为0.78.软土深基坑失稳破坏征兆:(1)挡墙"踢脚"明显,量值约为墙体最大水平位移1/3;(2)坑外地表沉降达到1.38%H(开挖深度),地面出现大量横裂缝;(3)坑底靠近挡墙的土体隆起大于基坑中部,最大量值达到3.1%～3.8%H;(4)坑内土体处于被动土压力极限状态.可用于综合评判基坑的稳定性,指导类似超深基坑的设计、施工和安全监控.     

预应力钢-混组合梁界面滑移性态试验研究

预应力组合梁作为一种新型的结构,其承载力影响因素众多.受外荷载时,预应力钢-混组合梁的混凝土翼板和钢梁不可能实现完全共同作用,交界面处会发生相对滑移,对其受力性能产生不利影响,因此有必要对预应力组合梁的界面滑移进行深入研究.根据预应力钢-混组合梁界面滑移的试验结果,分析了钢-混组合梁界面滑移的分布和发展规律,界面滑移随荷载的增大而增大,在组合梁的弹性工作阶段变化较慢,弹塑性阶段增加较快;相对滑移会导致钢和混凝土交界面上产生应变差.     

液体壁面滑移的分子动力学研究

以平行板间液氩的Poiseuille流为例,用分子动力学模拟的方法,对壁面润湿性、外部驱动力以及通道宽度影响液体壁面滑移现象进行了研究.结果表明:在疏水性微通道中,液体的流动存在边界正滑移;在亲水性微通道中,在外力较小时,液体的流动存在边界负滑移,即有类似宏观的边界粘滞层存在,而当外力逐渐增大时,边界滑移从负滑移变为正的滑移.液体在不同宽度的微通道中流动时,绝对滑移长度均随外力的增大而变小,并趋向于定值.研究还发现在不同空间大小的通道中,壁面滑移速度随外力的增大而增大的变化存在拐点,在拐点两侧,界面作用的影响不同.     

Contributions of distinct prefrontal neuron classes in reward processing

The prefrontal cortex(PFC)is thought to be involved in higher order cognitive functions,such as in working memory,abstract categorization,and reward processing.It has been reported that two distinct neuron classes(putative pyramidal cells and interneurons)in the PFC played different functional roles in neural circuits involved in forming working memory and abstract categories.However,it remains elusive how the two types of neurons process reward information in the PFC.To investigate this issue,the activity of single neurons was extracellularly recorded in the PFC of the monkey performing a reward predicting task.PFC neurons were classified into putative pyramidal cells and interneurons,respectively,based on the waveforms of action potentials.Both the two types of neurons encoded reward information and discriminated two reward conditions(the preferred reward condition vs.the nonpreferred reward condition).However,the putative pyramidal neurons had better and more reliable discriminability than the putative interneurons.Also,the pyramidal cells represented reward information in the preferred reward condition,but not in the nonpreferred reward condition by raising their firing rates relative to the baseline rates.In contrast,the interneurons encoded reward information in the nonpreferred reward condition,but not in the preferred reward condition by inhibiting their discharge rates relative to the baseline rates.These results suggested that the putative pyramidal cells and interneurons had complementary functions in reward processing.These findings may help to clarify individual functions of each type of neurons in PFC neuronal circuits involved in reward processing.     

高温高应变率下AM60B镁合金力学性能及失效行为

为了研究镁合金在高温、高应变速率下的变形行为及失效机制,采用分离式Hopkinson压杆在应变速率为1 600~4 500 s^-1、温度为27~150 ℃范围内,对真空压铸AM60B镁合金进行了动态压缩实验,并采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对压缩后的组织进行了观察.结果表明:在所测试的应变范围内,随着应变率的提高,应力-应变曲线均呈现上升趋势,且最大应变也随之增加,表现出正应变率强化效应.在150 ℃时真空压铸AM60B镁合金变形能力最好; 50 ℃时断裂强度最高.真空压铸AM60B镁合金在高温及高应变率下的断裂方式为以解理断裂为主并伴有韧性断裂的混合断裂方式.当变形温度低于150 ℃时,真空压铸AM60B镁合金在高应变率压缩下的变形机制主要是滑移.     

基于dsPIC的转差频率矢量控制在电梯控制中的应用

介绍了一款结合单片机控制特点和数字信号处理器（DSP）高速运算优点的新型芯片——dsPIC30F6010。阐述了异步电动机转差频率矢量控制策略，给出了dsPIC30F6010在电梯变频调速系统中的应用实例，并对系统进行了仿真。     

Analysis for twinning and slip in face-centered cubic crystals under axisymmetric co-deformation

The maximum work principle of Bishop-Hill was developed to analyze the axisymmetric co-deformation in face-centered cubic crystals (f.c.c.) for twinning on {111} 112 and slip on {111} 110 systems. The influence of ξ , the ratio of critical re- solved shear stress for twinning to slip, on the yield stress states and corresponding active slip or/and twinning systems for orientations in the standard stereographic triangle of cubic crystal was investigated systematically. The Taylor factors and the anisotropy of yield strength for three important orientations [100], [110] and [111] in orientation space were analyzed. It is found that the yield strength asymmetry for the case of axisymmetric de- formation of tension and compression can be explained based on the microscopic theory of crystal plasticity. The concept of orientation factor for twinning ability was proposed and the deformation mechanism map in the orientation space was established for the case of axisymmetric deformation. The deformation texture formation and development of f.c.c. crystals with low stacking fault energy for axisymmetric tension can be explained qualita- tively on the basis of analyzed results.     

滑模施工技术在仓筒结构中的应用

结合工程实例,介绍了仓中仓库壁滑模施工中的滑升装置及组装、滑升程序,以及在施工过程中混凝土的控制措施.     

TiC/Ti(C,N)/TiN复合涂层在滑移区的高温微动磨损特性

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）技术，在1Cr13不锈钢基体上制备TiC／Ti（C，N）／TiN复合涂层，研究了该涂层从室温（25℃）到400℃的微动磨损特性，并与无涂层的1Cr13不锈钢基材比较。结果表明：在滑移区．温度对1Cr13不锈钢微动磨损影响较显著；随着温度上升1Cr13不锈钢摩擦系数减少，磨损体积下降；而温度对TiC／Ti（C，N）／TiN复合涂层磨损体积影响不大．且磨损量均很小．TiC/Ti（C，N）／TiN涂层表现出比1Cr13不锈钢优异的抗微动磨损性能。但当该涂层被磨去后，产生的硬质磨屑形成磨粒磨损，反而对基体造成更大的损伤。