A fast integral approach for drag force calculation due to oscillatory slip stokes flows

In this paper, we describe an efficient numerical method for modelling oscillatory incompressible slip Stokes flows in three dimensions. The efficiency is achieved by employing an integral approach combined with an accelerated boundary‐element‐method (BEM) solver. First the integral representations for slip flows with two different slip models are formulated. The resulting integral equations are then solved using the BEM combined with the precorrected‐FFT accelerated technique. 3D numerical codes have been developed based on the method described above. These codes are then used to calculate the drag forces on oscillating objects immersed in an unbounded slip flow. Three objects are considered, namely a sphere, a pair of plates and a comb structure. The simulated drag forces on these objects obtained from the two slip models are compared. In the sphere case, the simulated results are also compared with the analytical solutions for both the steady‐state case and the no‐slip oscillatory case and are found to be in good agreement. In addition, qualitative comparison of the simulation results with the experimental results in the plate problem is also presented in this paper. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

车辆动力学稳定性系统变结构滑模控制研究

探讨了转弯车辆行驶在极限运动工况下时，依靠施加各车轮不同纵向制动力从而产生辅助横摆力矩来提高车辆动力学稳定性的基本原理，推导了两自由度车辆横向动力学方程，提出了车辆侧滑速度的3种实时估计方案（积分法，代数法和Luenberger观察器法），视实际车辆前后轮胎侧偏刚度为有界不确定性参数，为跟踪线性两自由度理想车辆模型的稳态输出响应，设计了车辆动力学稳定性变结构控制策略，通过仿真验证了该方案可行性。     

煤矿断层错动型冲击地压研究现状与发展趋势

为深入认识断层错动型冲击地压复杂的致灾机制、降低采矿过程中冲击事故的发生率,通过梳理国内外文献,系统总结和分析了国内外在断层错动型冲击地压方面的研究进展及成果.介绍了国内外一些矿山发生断层错动型冲击地压的严峻形势,并汇总了国内部分煤矿该类型冲击地压实例;从断层活化机制及其判别准则、断层错动型冲击地压理论、发生条件及其孕育过程等4个方面着重分析了断层错动型冲击地压的致灾机制;总结了断层错动型冲击地压的监测预警方法,并介绍了一些具有代表性的可用于断层错动型冲击地压预测预报的监测预警技术及其工程应用情况,包括断层错动型冲击地压监测预警与防治体系、BMS-II型微地震监测系统、多参量实时联合监测预警系统和深部钻孔应变观测技术;论述了断层错动型冲击地压防控技术,包括区域性防御措施和局部解危措施等;在分析以上问题的同时,又提出了一些新的理论观点、见解和建议.最后,指出了当前断层错动型冲击地压研究存在的一些不足,并对该类型冲击地压未来研究的发展趋势进行了多方面展望.     

钢绞线混凝土黏结性能试验与锚固长度分析

为研究较大直径钢绞线与混凝土间的黏结锚固问题并提出合理锚固长度,针对15.2、17.8、21.6mm三类公称直径的高强低松弛钢绞线,以混凝土保护层厚度、体积配箍率及埋置长度为基本参数,完成了32个钢绞线的中心及偏心拔出试验.试验结果表明,不同参数水平条件下拉拔试件的破坏可分为两类,一是较薄保护层厚度与较小体积配箍率的少量试件劈裂破坏;二是在绝大部分试件中出现的表面未开裂但钢绞线拔出的破坏.结合破坏特征及拉拔力-滑移关系曲线,揭示了钢绞线混凝土间的黏结破坏机制,并以拉拔力-滑移曲线的峰值为破坏标志,提出了分别考虑3个参数影响的钢绞线混凝土黏结强度计算方法;结合本文试验结果,引入近似概率法,确定了满足相应可靠指标要求的钢绞线锚固长度设计值,可为装配式公共建筑结构中采用的大型先张预制预应力混凝土构件的设计提供技术支持.     

软岩溜煤立眼的施工

软岩溜煤立眼的施工。(1)此立眼全部在岩层中施工,(2)、溜煤立眼采用料石支护,(3)、立眼料石支护与混凝土相比,施工中减少了支模工序,(4)节省了投资,保证安全施工效果良好。     

Enzymatic interesterification of palm and coconut stearin blends

Hard fractions of palm oil and coconut oil, blended in the ratios of 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 and 75:25, were interesterified for 8 h using Lipozyme TL IM. Major fatty acids in the blends were palmitic acid (41.7–48.4%) and oleic acid (26.2–30.8%). Medium‐chain fatty acids accounted for 4.5–13.1% of the blends. After interesterification (IE), slip melting point was found to decrease from 44.8–46.8 °C to 28.5–34.0 °C owing to reduction in solids content at all temperatures. At 37.5 °C, the blends containing 25% coconut stearins had 17.4–19% solids, which reduced to 0.4–1.5% on IE, and the slip melting point (28.6 and 28.8 °C) indicated their suitability as margarine base. The reduction in solid fat index of the interesterified fats is attributed to the decrease in high‐melting triacylglycerols in palm oil (GS₃ and GS₂U type) and increase in triolein (GU₃) content from 1 to 9.2%. Retention of tocopherols and β‐carotene during IE was 76 and 60.1%, respectively, in 75:25 palm stearin and coconut stearin blend.     

Premium-penalty ant colony optimization and its application in slope stability analysis

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a very suitable path search algorithm, whose typical application is traveling salesman problem. However, as one heuristic algorithm, it has many shortcomings, such as slow convergent speed and low searching efficiency. To overcome these shortcomings, the premium-penalty strategy has been introduced, and the pheromone diversity of the good paths and the ordinary ones is increased to polarize pheromone density of all paths. Thus, premium-penalty ant colony optimization (PPACO) is proposed. And its good performance is verified by the applications to some typical traveling salesman problems. Its two important parameters are discussed too. Because location critical slip surface in slope stability analysis is a path search problem, it can be solved by the ACO very suitably. Therefore, based on PPACO and typical mature limit equilibrium analysis (Spencer method), a new method to analyze the slope stability is proposed. Through two typical examples, one simple slope and one complicated slope, the efficiency and effectiveness of the new algorithm are verified. The results show that, the new algorithm can always find the less safety factor and its critical slip surface in shorter time than many previous algorithms, and the new algorithm can be used in real engineering very well.     

Heat and mass transfer characteristics of radiative hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction

Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic heat and mass transfer analysis of hybrid nanoliquid flow over a stretching surface with chemical reaction, suction, slip effects, and thermal radiation is analyzed in this study. A combination of alumina (Al₂O₃) and titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles are taken as hybrid nanoparticles and water is considered as the basefluid. Using the similarity transformation method, the governing equations are changed into a system of ordinary differential equations. These equations together with boundary conditions are numerically evaluated by using the Finite element method. The influence of various pertinent parameters on the profiles of fluids concentration, temperature, and velocity is calculated and the outcomes are plotted through graphs. The values of nondimensional rates of heat transfer, mass transfer, and velocity are also analyzed and the results are depicted in tables. Temperature sketches of hybrid nanoliquid intensified in both the steady and unsteady cases as the volume fraction of both nanoparticles rises.     

Experimental investigation of bond stress distribution and bond strength in unconfined UHPFRC lap splices under direct tension

Several studies on tension lap splices have shown the improvement of bond strength using Ultra-high performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). The bridging effect of fibres on cracks improves the bond splitting strength substantially in comparison to normal concrete. This paper investigates the influence of fibre content on the strength of tension lap splice of reinforcing bars in UHPFRC without additional transverse reinforcement. Different splice lengths and UHPFRC mixes were tested. Internal strain measurements were used to capture the force transfer mechanism and the evolution of longitudinal strain distribution and associated bond stresses. The bond performance is clearly related to the pre- and post-cracking tensile capacity of UHPFRC. At a distance exceeding 2 d_b from bar extremities, bond stress distribution at failure displayed a quasi-constant value regardless of the lap splice length up 10 d_b. This reveals for short lap splices that the bearing action of all ribs along the splice length contributes equally in resisting the applied force. This experimental program provides experimental results for understanding the local force transfer mechanism in UHPFRC lap splice and contribute for further developments on bond in UHPFRC.     

Evaluating Schmid criterion for predicting preferential locations of persistent slip markings obtained after very high cycle fatigue for polycrystalline pure copper

Very high cycle fatigue carried out on pure copper polycrystals promotes early slip markings, labelled as slip markings of types II and III, localized close to grain or twin boundaries. In this work, we focus on whether Schmid criterion can predict the preferential sites of slip markings of types II and III and identify the active slip systems. Combining observations of slip markings and polycrystalline modeling, it is shown that considering pure cubic elastic behavior, maximum resolved shear stress as a criterion for type II slip markings preferential sites is 70% reliable criterion. Concerning slip markings of type III, the reliability falls to 30%. The role of cross slip is highlighted and a scenario rationalizing the stress amplitude conditions and sites to observe early slip markings of type II or III for copper polycrystals is proposed.