100 Jahre Staatliche Materialprüfungsanstalt Darmstadt (MPA Darmstadt) und 80 Jahre Fachgebiet und Institut für Werkstoffkunde (IfW) an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt

100 years State Materials Testing Institute and 80 years Institute for Materials . Technology at the Darmstadt University of Technology The 100 years ago founded State Materials Testing Institute (MPA Darmstadt) forms since now 80 years an operations unit with the 20 years later established Institute for Materials Technology (IfW) at the Darmstadt University of Technology . On the occasion of the jubilees they are able to look back on a successful development concerning continuous and professional merits in research, teaching, material testing and in many related areas over serveral generations. The written essay in details illuminates the time of foundation and the previous 5 historical eras of the institution. It also dignifies the leading personalities with their far beyond Darmstadt well known earnings in materials investigation and testing, transfer of knowledge to industry, failure analysis and remedial measures for damages as well as near to industry research and fundamental research. The names of the former leading personalities Otto Berndt, August Thum, Hans Sigwart and Heinrich Wiegand are inseparable connected with the institution. After one period with a prorated leadership of the IfW and the MPA Darmstadt through Karl Heinz Kloos and Anton Bäumel, which is dignified through the today`s employees, the essay ends with a description of the current activities of IfW and MPA Darmstadt. In IfW and MPA Darmstadt 140 employees are busy. Since 12 years IfW and MPA Darmstadt are managed by Christina Berger.     

清苑县南水北调配套工程运行风险评价

南水北调配套工程运行风险评估体系属于复杂的系统问题,其模糊性在评估中应予以考虑。基于模糊识别理论,采用非线性模型对清苑县南水北调配套工程运行风险进行评价。结果表明,清苑县南水北调配套工程运行风险等级介于2级与3级之间,略偏于2级,属于低风险等级。评价过程与评价结果不仅可为清苑县南水北调配套工程的安全管理提供参考意义,而且表明非线性模型在南水北调配套工程运行风险评价中具有良好的适用性。     

河南省水资源承载力评价

选择10项指标,采用主成份分析法对河南省水资源承载能力进行了定量评价,结果表明,河南省水资源承载力的主要影响因素是人口与经济、城市发展和水资源开发利用,特别是国内生产总值、固定资产值和总人口对水资源承载力的影响最大;对比不同城市,济源市、三门峡市、鹤壁市、驻马店市和漯河市等具有较强的水资源承载能力,而郑州市、洛阳市、新乡市和许昌市等则承受着较大的水资源压力。     

农产品、食品安全检测方法与仪器

农产品和食品安全问题已是世人十分关注的大问题,本文论叙了食品安全监测体系的技术支撑,即检测方法和仪器中的四个问题:1)在基质复杂的样品中检测组分很多、含量很低的有毒、有害残留物的复杂性;2)当今对检测方法和仪器的要求;3)检测方法和仪器的现状,包括国际上得到确认的检测方法;4)对检测方法和仪器发展趋势的预测.     

氮化ZnO/Ga2O3薄膜合成GaN纳米管

利用射频磁控溅射法在Si(111)衬底上先溅射ZnO中间层,接着溅射Ga2O3 薄膜,然后ZnO/Ga2O3薄膜在管式炉中常压下通氨气进行氮化,高温下ZnO层在氨气的气氛中挥发,而Ga2O3薄膜和氨气反应合成出GaN纳米管.X射线衍射(XRD)测量结果表明利用该方法制备的GaN具有沿c轴方向择优生长的六角纤锌矿结构.利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)研究了所制备样品的光学性质.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)观测了样品的形貌和晶格结构.     

政策法制与能源产业推动之探讨——以德国再生能源法为中心

全球传统石化能源耗竭及气候变迁等负面效应日益严重,以永续发展为目标,再生能源之开发利用备受关注,已成为世界各国能源政策的主要施政方针,其中多以立法手段积极推动.综观各国已提出亦或正在施行的政策和措施,皆由订定法令来体现,以法律的形式确立发展目标,再透过具体而明确的强制规范或经济激励措施,进而得其实质成效.德国再生能源法相关法规范即为明证.德国于2000年制定全球首部再生能源优先法(Gesetz fürden Vorrang Erneuerbarer Energien),简称再生能源法(Ernererbare-Energien-Gesetz,EEG),至今已历多次修法.本文将从德国再生能源法制探讨,观其核心固定电价制度(Feed-in Tariff,FIT)与近年修法方向,说明德国再生能源产业发展之背景及现况,希祈能就推动发展再生能源有所帮助.     

西伯利亚地台腹部文德系及下寒武统含油气性预测

经过改进的含油气性预测方法，适用于结构复杂和油气藏形成期长的古老地层。这种含油气性预测方法是建立在综合地层、构造、岩性－岩相、地球化学和本文地质指标和对每种指标进行评价的基础上的。介绍了盐下陆源层和碳酸盐岩层（维柳依、下涅普斯克、上涅普斯克齐尔、下达尼洛夫、上达尼洛夫和乌索尔等储集层）的含油气性的详细预测结果。在它们的分布地区划分了不同含油气性的详细预测结果。在它们的分布地区划分了不同含油气远景区，油气聚集带和首批应进行石油普查的目标，预测了这些地区的主要圈闭类型、油藏数量和烃类组分。这些研究成果将能极大地提高石油普查的效果。     

一种新型遗传算法的研究

根据自然界普遍存在的进化收敛现象．本文提出了一种新型的混合遗传算法(Mix genetic algorithm．MGA)。MGA算法将生物的进化过程建模成一个在表现型与基因型两个层面上同时进行的生命过程。MGA不仅考虑了表现型层面上的进化过程，还引入了基因型层面上的进化及两个层面问的相互映射关系。本文通过二维Rosenbrock函数数值优化的例子．展示了MGA良好的在线性能指标和离线性能指标，并分析了MAG算法实际上是“r—K策略连续统”。理论分析表明．MGA算法总能以概率1收敛于最优解。MGA算法性能优良，容易编程实现，并在一定程度上克服了基本遗传算法搜索时的盲目性．有较好的应用前景。最后文中给出了计算机仿真结果。     

Structures and allelopathic effects ofNuphar alkaloids: Nupharolutine and 6,6′-dihydroxythiobinupharidine

Two of the majorNuphar alkaloids, nupharolutine and 6,6rc="/content/r48874367467875q/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-dihydroxythiobinupharidine, were isolated from the aquatic perennial herbNuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm., yellow water lily. In a lettuce seedling bioassay of the two pure compounds, the former was inactive and the latter was highly inhibitory of radicle elongation at concentrations greater than 2 ppm. Structures and stereochemistry of the two compounds were confirmed by DEPT,¹H-¹H COSY,¹H-¹³C COSY, and¹H-¹H NOESY experiments.     

A broad line n.m.r. study of oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Broadline nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been carried out for the proton resonance in oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride). The spectra in general show two component lines with distinctly different line widths. The broad component shows a high degree of molecular orientation and can be satisfactorily assigned to the crystalline regions of the polymer. The narrow component corresponds to an oriented non crystalline phase which is sufficiently constrained to allow motion about the chain axis only. An appreciable decrease in the value of the rigid mass fraction was observed in both of the samples over the temperature range examined. Our calculations indicate that this could play an important role in the temperature dependence of the pyroelectric response of this material.