全文获取类型
收费全文 | 42793篇 |
免费 | 3688篇 |
国内免费 | 2030篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1167篇 |
综合类 | 2509篇 |
化学工业 | 15497篇 |
金属工艺 | 3895篇 |
机械仪表 | 1334篇 |
建筑科学 | 1078篇 |
矿业工程 | 899篇 |
能源动力 | 4466篇 |
轻工业 | 3216篇 |
水利工程 | 217篇 |
石油天然气 | 4106篇 |
武器工业 | 326篇 |
无线电 | 1663篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3971篇 |
冶金工业 | 2194篇 |
原子能技术 | 822篇 |
自动化技术 | 1151篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 169篇 |
2023年 | 1039篇 |
2022年 | 1423篇 |
2021年 | 1692篇 |
2020年 | 1660篇 |
2019年 | 1455篇 |
2018年 | 1283篇 |
2017年 | 1491篇 |
2016年 | 1474篇 |
2015年 | 1347篇 |
2014年 | 2174篇 |
2013年 | 2557篇 |
2012年 | 2721篇 |
2011年 | 2884篇 |
2010年 | 2201篇 |
2009年 | 2260篇 |
2008年 | 2047篇 |
2007年 | 2530篇 |
2006年 | 2402篇 |
2005年 | 2030篇 |
2004年 | 1783篇 |
2003年 | 1613篇 |
2002年 | 1384篇 |
2001年 | 1274篇 |
2000年 | 1031篇 |
1999年 | 900篇 |
1998年 | 665篇 |
1997年 | 582篇 |
1996年 | 515篇 |
1995年 | 403篇 |
1994年 | 363篇 |
1993年 | 257篇 |
1992年 | 190篇 |
1991年 | 136篇 |
1990年 | 128篇 |
1989年 | 86篇 |
1988年 | 68篇 |
1987年 | 56篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 33篇 |
1984年 | 31篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1964年 | 9篇 |
1959年 | 5篇 |
1957年 | 8篇 |
1955年 | 8篇 |
1951年 | 21篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
We report a simple processing method to simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). Poly(4-styrene sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene (PEDOT:PSS), widely used as hole transport layer (HTL) in OSCs, tends to accelerate the degradation of devices because of its hygroscopic and acidic properties. In this regard, we have modified PEDOT:PSS to reduce its hygroscopic and acidic properties through a condensation reaction between PEDOT:PSS and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) in order to improve the efficiency and stability of OSCs. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased by 21%, from 2.57% up to 3.11%. A better energy level alignment by the reduced work function of the modified PEDOT:PSS with a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is considered the origin of the improved the efficiency. The half-life of OSCs with PEDOT:PSS modified with PEGME buffer layer also increased up to 3.5 times compared to that of devices with pristine PEDOT:PSS buffer layer. 相似文献
32.
33.
Amir Abdolmaleki Mohammad Reza Molavian 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2015,54(12):1241-1250
2,6-Bis(5-amino-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. Then a new poly(benzimidazole-amide) was synthesized by polymerization of the corresponding diamine and isophthalic acid. The obtained poly(benzimidazole-amide) exhibited good yield and high thermal stability. Due to the existence of benzimidazole moieties in polymer’s structure, it has the tendency to form complexes with metal ions. So, a new poly(benzimidazole-amide)/Co nanocomposite was prepared. Morphological studies revealed that metal nanoparticles were dispersed in the polymer matrix without any aggregation. poly(benzimidazole-amide)/Co nanocomposite was used as a catalyst in the oxidation of ethyl benzene to acetophenone with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. 相似文献
34.
Gel state reactions offer new direction for the reactivity of the organic molecules or metal‐organic materials upon photoirradiation with shorter reaction times and high yields compared to solid and solution states. The restricted molecular movement among the molecules in the soft solids control the stereoselectivity of the photoproducts in the gel state reactions. To date, most of the strategies based on self‐assembly have been demonstrated in the solid state, in particular for [2+2] reactions of olefins and polymerization reactions of diacetylenes via 1,4 addition. The soft materials are of emerging materials in recent days given their many applicative day‐to‐day aspects. This review gives a glimpse of recent reports on pericyclic reactions in the gel state that are designed based on the self‐assembly concept. Also it highlights how such reactions accompany the physical changes in the structure of the gels and stereo controlled products with high yields. 相似文献
35.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2020,45(38):19720-19732
The need to reduce PEMFC systems cost as well as to increase their durability is crucial for their integration in various applications and especially for transport applications. A new simplified architecture of the anode circuit called Alternating Fuel Feeding (AFF) offers to reduce the development costs. Requiring a new stack concept, it combines the simplicity of Dead-End Anode (DEA) with the operation advantages of the hydrogen recirculation. The three architectures (DEA, recirculation and AFF) are compared in terms of performance on a 5-kW test bench in automotive conditions, through a sensitivity analysis. A gain of 17% on the system efficiency is observed when switching from DEA to AFF. Moreover, similar performances are obtained both for AFF and for recirculation after an accurate optimization of the AFF tuning parameters. Based on DoE data, a gain of 25% on the weight of the anodic line has been identified compared to pulsed ejector architecture and 43% with the classic recirculation architecture with blower only (Miraï). 相似文献
36.
37.
Qiaozhi Zhang Yanbo Wang Linglin Fu 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2020,19(5):2559-2587
Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) are complex and heterogeneous compounds derived from nonenzymatic glycation reactions during industrial processing and home cooking. There is mounting evidence showing that dAGEs are closely associated with various chronic diseases, where the absorbed dAGEs fuel the biological AGEs pool to exhibit noxious effects on human health. Currently, due to the uncertain bioavailability and rapid renal clearance of dAGEs, the relationship between dAGEs and biological AGEs remains debatable. In this review, we provide the most updated information on dAGEs including their generation in processed foods, analytical and characterization techniques, metabolic fates, interaction with AGE receptors, implications on human health and reducing strategies. Available evidence demonstrating a relevance between dAGEs and food allergy is also included. AGEs are ubiquitous in foods and their contents largely depend on the reactivity of carbonyl and amino groups, along with surrounding condition mainly pH and heating procedures. Once being digested and absorbed into the circulation, two separate pathways can be involved in the deleterious effects of dAGEs: an AGE receptor‐dependent way to stimulate cell signals, and an AGE receptor‐independent way to dysregulate proteins via forming complexes. Inhibition of AGEs formation during food processing and reduction in the diet are two potent approaches to restrict health‐hazardous dAGEs. To elucidate the biological role of dAGEs toward human health, the following significant perspectives are raised: molecular size and complexity of dAGEs; interactions between unabsorbed dAGEs and gut microbiota; and roles played by concomitant compounds in the heat‐processed foods. 相似文献
38.
Zehu Xie Na Peng Tingting Liu Xing Cheng Wuquan Ye Runtian Zheng Jundong Zhang Haoxiang Yu Jie Shu 《Ceramics International》2019,45(9):11812-11818
Here, LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes are prepared via a feasible electrospinning technique. This new anode material shows excellent electrochemical properties. The capacity loss of LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes is as low as 6.9% after 156 cycles, while bulk LiY(WO4)2 presents the capacity loss higher than 55.0%. Even after 600 long-life cycles, the capacity loss of the nanotubes is only 9%. It can be seen that the hollow structure with a rough surface and a porous morphology contributes to the improvement of electrochemical performance. Furthermore, online X-ray diffraction (XRD) method is firstly applied to understand the lithium ions insertion/extraction mechanism of LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes. It can be concluded that it is an asymmetrical two-phase reaction. A phase transformation from LiY(WO4)2 to Li3Y(WO4)2 can be obviously seen from the in situ XRD during discharge process. While Li2Y(WO4)2 appears as an intermediate phase with a reverse charge reaction. In addition, in situ XRD also demonstrates that LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes have surprised electrochemical reversibility. All the above results indicate that LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes can be expected to be anode candidate for rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs). 相似文献
39.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(58):30061-30078
A uniform solid product layer normally assumed in the shrinking-core model cannot predict the kinetic transition behavior of the H2 adsorption reactions. In this study, the concept of a uniform solid product layer has been replaced by that of the inward growth of solid products on the solid surface. A rate equation is established to calculate the inward growth of the solid product and was implemented into the shrinking-core model to calculate the H2 adsorption kinetics for various shapes of Mg-based materials. The prediction accuracy of the developed model is verified from the detailed experimental data. To account for the external gas diffusion around the particle and the intraparticle gas diffusion, an analytical equation is derived using the Thiele modulus method. This model can be used to analyze various kinetic aspects and to analyze the effect of change in the particle microstructure on intraparticle diffusion. 相似文献
40.