代谢途径分析研究进展及其应用

由于缺乏详尽的热力学参数,基于网络拓扑的代谢途径分析是现阶段最重要的途径分析方法。首先简单地介绍了基于网络的途径分析方法发展简史,随后着重说明了基于凸分析的两种代谢途径分析方法：基元模式和极端途径及它们之间的异同,并详细阐述了这两种方法的具体应用。最后,使用极端途径分析了苏云金杆菌的PHB代谢。结果表明,除了传统的途径,还存在一些新颖的途径可用于PHB合成。     

微波放电NO-O2-H2O-He体系脱除NO的数值模拟

采用微波放电NO-O2-H2O-He体系脱除NO的反应模型,对NO脱除及其转化进行分析计算。通过建立并数值求解化学反应动力学方程组,对NO-O2-H2O-He体系微波直接分解脱除NO过程进行反应动力学研究,分析影响NO脱除效率及其向N2和NO2转化的各种因素及规律。计算结果表明,在NO-O2-H2O-He体系中,微波功率,NO、O2和H2O的初始浓度等对NO脱除效率有较大影响,即微波功率的增大有利于NO的脱除及其向N2的转化;NO初始浓度的增加降低了体系的微波脱硝效率;脱硝效率随着模拟烟气相对湿度的增加而增加;微波放电条件下,O2的加入可增加产物中NO2的生成量;微波放电NO-O2-H2O-He体系脱除NO为还原和氧化反应共同作用的结果,NO转化为N2的效率总大于其转化为NO2的效率。     

甲醇脱氢制无水甲醛的研究进展

甲醇直接脱氢制无水甲醛是具有工业化前景的新工艺。介绍了该领域催化剂及相关工艺的研究现状。利用金属、金属氧化物、金属难熔盐和分子筛催化剂以及相关工艺技术制得定量的无水甲醛,该技术目前处于研发阶段,离工业化尚有一定距离,在催化剂的选择性、稳定性及使用寿命等方面有待于改进。     

长期低剂量微波辐照对大鼠血小板的L-精氨酸/NO系统的影响

目的:研究长期低剂量微波对大鼠血小板左旋精氨酸/一氧化氮(L-arginine nitric oxide pathway,L-Arg/NO)系统的影响,为长期暴露于低剂微波下血小板功能的影响提供实验依据.方法:采用峰值功率为5W/cm2的微波辐照健康成年雄性SD大鼠,1小时/天,连续40天,而后检测辐照后大鼠尾部出血时间、血清NO(nitric oxide)含量、血小板源性NO(platelet-derived nitric oxide,PDNO)含量及血小板一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性的变化.结果 微波辐照组与对照组相比,尾部出血时间显著缩短(P＜0.01),血清NO含量、PDNO含量及血小板NOS活性均有非常显著的降低(P＜0.01).结论:长期低剂量微波辐照后NO的抗血小板聚集作用减弱,血小板活化与血小板L-Arg/NO系统功能紊乱有关.     

反应物量对纳米晶Fe_3Al组织和性能的影响

利用铝热反应熔化方法分别在反应物量为50、100、200g的条件下制备了块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料,通过TEM和XRD研究了材料的晶粒尺寸,并研究了材料室温压缩性能和硬度。结果表明,所制备的材料主要由非晶和纳米晶组织组成,当反应物量增大,部分区域甚至出现微米晶组织。反应物量为50g时Fe3Al材料中非晶较多,不存在微米晶;反应物量为100g时主要以纳米晶为主,非晶数量减少,伴随有少量的微米晶出现;反应物量为200g时,材料以纳米晶为主,微米晶数量较100g时有所增加。随着反应物量的增加,纳米晶相的平均晶粒尺寸增加,屈服强度和硬度呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

Recent Advances in Porphyrin-Based Systems for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a pivotal role in the development of renewable energy methods, such as water-splitting devices and the use of Zn–air batteries. First-row transition metal complexes are promising catalyst candidates due to their excellent electrocatalytic performance, rich abundance, and cheap price. Metalloporphyrins are a class of representative high-efficiency complex catalysts owing to their structural and functional characteristics. However, OER based on porphyrin systems previously have been paid little attention in comparison to the well-described oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction, and CO₂ reduction reaction. Recently, porphyrin-based systems, including both small molecules and porous polymers for electrochemical OER, are emerging. Accordingly, this review summarizes the recent advances of porphyrin-based systems for electrochemical OER. Firstly, the electrochemical OER for water oxidation is discussed, which shows various methodologies to achieve catalysis from homogeneous to heterogeneous processes. Subsequently, the porphyrin-based catalytic systems for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis including both OER and ORR are demonstrated. Finally, the future development of porphyrin-based catalytic systems for electrochemical OER is briefly prospected.     

Dispirooxindole-β-Lactams: Synthesis via Staudinger Ketene-Imine Cycloaddition and Biological Evaluation

In this work, we present the first synthesis of dispirooxindole-β-lactams employing optimized methodology of one-pot Staudinger ketene-imine cycloaddition with N-aryl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids as the ketene source. Spiroconjugation of indoline-2-one with β-lactams ring is considered to be able to provide stabilization and wide scope of functionalization to resulting scaffolds. The dispipooxindoles obtained demonstrated medium cytotoxicity in the MTT test on A549, MCF7, HEK293, and VA13 cell lines, and one of the compounds demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli strain LPTD.     

邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯树脂固化特性的研究

运用示差扫描量热(DSC)法研究了邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯(DAP)树脂的固化反应历程。讨论了引发剂对DAP固化特性的影响,并由DSC曲线得到了DAP树脂的固化工艺和动力学参数。通过固化度、FT-IR的测试对DAP树脂在中温条件下的固化情况进行了研究。结果表明:在过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)固化体系中引入BPO可以使DAP树脂在更低温度下引发固化;在BPO、DCP用量均为2%的条件下,确定了体系的凝胶温度、固化温度、后处理温度分别为:100.5℃,124.3℃,137.8℃,表观活化能为129.3 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.950。固化度、FTIR的测试结果表明:DAP树脂在中温条件下可以固化得较完全。