Ultrasonic-assisted drilling of Inconel 738-LC

Generally in the drilling of modern aviation materials such as nickel and titanium base super alloys, problems frequently occur in terms of burr formation at the cutter exit, tool stress, high heat generation on tool surface as well as low process reliability. A recent and promising method to overcome these technological constraints is the use of ultrasonic assistance, where high-frequency and low-amplitude vibrations are superimposed on the movement of cutting tools. This paper presents the design of an ultrasonically vibrated tool holder and the experimental investigation of ultrasonically assisted drilling of Inconel 738-LC. The circularity, cylindricity, surface roughness and hole oversize of the ultrasonically and conventionally drilled workpieces were measured and compared. The obtained results show that the application of ultrasonic vibration can improve the hole quality considerably. Improvements of up to 60% have been achieved.     

Study on structure and magnetic entropy changes of Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys

A series of Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys were preparedby arc melting under purified argon atmosphere. The structure and magnetic entropy changes in Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction pattern and MPMS XL-7 magnetometer. The experimental results show that the crystal structure of Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys keeps in TH2Zn17-type rhombohedral, and the Curie temperature of Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys can be shifted to room temperature around by a composition adjustment. The magnetic entropy changes (-ΔSM) in Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys are relatively large, and a platform of magnetic entropy changes appearsnear the temperature TC. Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys are the potential working media for magnetic refrigeration with their stable chemical properties and especially low price.     

CREEP BEHAVIORS OF Pt-RE ALLOYS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

The creep behaviors of Pt-RE alloys have been studied at 1200℃ and 1400℃.The results show that asmall amount of RE elements improves the creep behaviors of platinum greatly.The creep behaviors of PtGd0.5,PtLa0.5 and PtLa0.3 Gd0.2,are best among all the alloys studied.As far as the creep behaviors are concerned,the traditional heat-resistance alloy PtGd10 can be replaced by PtGd0.5.Particularly,the properities of PtGd0.5are near to those of PtRb10.For most of the Pt-RE alloys,long-time,static,super high-temperature treatment inair is of no advantage to the creep rupture life.The mechanisms of the effects of rare-earths on high-temperaturecreep properties of platinum are discussed.     

稀土元素对钯室温电学性能的影响

研究了稀浓度(0.6at％以下)稀土元素(La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Er、Yb)对钯的室温电学性能的影响。所有稀土元素均提高钯的电阻率(p)、降低电阻温度系数(α),实验结果与理论分析证明(p·α)_((?)d-RE)d=(p·α)_(Pd)。Gd以前的稀土元素降低钯的对铜热电势(ε),其余重稀土元素增大钯的对铜热电势。按0.1at％RE归一化处理的实验数据表明,轻稀土元素对钯电阻率的影响稍大于重稀土,但Ce、Eu、Yb呈反常影响,化合价和尺寸因素是影响电学性能的主要因素。     

疲劳裂纹扩展行为的研究现状及钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展特征

疲劳裂纹扩展行为是现代材料研究中重要的内容之一。论述了组织结构、环境温度、腐蚀条件以及载荷应力比、频率变化对材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响。总结出疲劳裂纹扩展研究的常用方法和理论模型,并讨论了"塑性钝化模型"和"裂纹闭合效应"与实际观察结果存在的矛盾。最后,对钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展研究的内容和研究结果进行了概述。     

The transient state in the oxidation of binary alloys forming the most-stable oxide: A numerical solution

The initial transient high-temperature oxidation stage for binary alloys forming the most-stable oxide has been examined by means of a numerical procedure based on the finite-difference method. At variance with previous models, the present treatment takes into account the effect of the rate of the reaction at the scale/gas interface over the corrosion kinetics. The calculations concerning the transient stage are developed either using the general parabolic rate law to represent the overall scaling kinetics or using the rate law of the reaction at the scale/gas interface as a boundary condition without imposing any particular rate law to the overall process. A correct analysis of the oxidation behavior of binary alloys during the transient stage must take into account the kinetics effect of the rate of the surface reaction. The concentration of the most-reactive element at the alloy/scale interface changes regularly with time, decreasing gradually from the initial bulk value to its final steady-state value. The present results are in good agreement with those obtained by means of an approximate analytical model developed previously.     

Inhibitors of Chemoresistance Pathways in Combination with Ara-C to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in AML. A Mini Review

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common type of leukemia in older adults, is a heterogeneous disease that originates from the clonal expansion of undifferentiated hematopoietic progenitor cells. These cells present a remarkable variety of genes and proteins with altered expression and function. Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular panorama of AML and the development of therapies that target mutations, survival has not improved significantly, and the therapy standard is still based on highly toxic chemotherapy, which includes cytarabine (Ara-C) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Approximately 60% of AML patients respond favorably to these treatments and go into complete remission; however, most eventually relapse, develop refractory disease or chemoresistance, and do not survive for more than five years. Therefore, drug resistance that initially occurs in leukemic cells (primary resistance) or that develops during or after treatment (acquired resistance) has become the main obstacle to AML treatment. In this work, the main molecules responsible for generating chemoresistance to Ara-C in AML are discussed, as well as some of the newer strategies to overcome it, such as the inclusion of molecules that can induce synergistic cytotoxicity with Ara-C (MNKI-8e, emodin, metformin and niclosamide), subtoxic concentrations of chemotherapy (PD0332991), and potently antineoplastic treatments that do not damage nonmalignant cells (heteronemin or hydroxyurea + azidothymidine).     

铝-锂合金腐蚀性能研究综述

综述了铝-锂合金孔蚀、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀断裂(SCC)及剥蚀的研究现状。阐述了加工状态、热处理、显徽组织及腐蚀介质对一些铝-锂合金孔蚀及晶间腐蚀行为与SCC敏感性的影响及其影响机制．同时报道了一些研究铝-锂合金剥蚀的新方法，并提出了进一步研究的方向．     

Effect of HCl pre-treatment on corrosion resistance of cerium-based conversion coatings on magnesium and magnesium alloys

The corrosion protection afforded by a cerium conversion coating, formed by immersion in a solution containing rare earth salt and hydrogen peroxide, on pure magnesium and two magnesium alloys, AZ91 and AM50, has been studied. The effect of HCl pre-treatments on the morphology and on the corrosion resistance of the cerium conversion layer was investigated. A thicker and more homogeneous distribution of the conversion coating was obtained when the sample surface was pre-treated with acid. Higher amounts of cerium on the surface of the pre-treated samples were detected. The cerium conversion coating increased the corrosion resistance of the alloys because it ennobled the corrosion potential and decreased both the anodic and cathodic current. The acid pre-treatment further increased the corrosion resistance of the coated alloys. After five days of immersion in chloride environment the untreated samples showed localized corrosion while the chemical conversion coated samples appeared unaffected.     

Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel electroplated with zinc-cobalt alloys

Slow strain rate tests were performed on quenched and tempered AISI 4340 steel to measure the extent of hydrogen embrittlement caused by electroplating with zinc-cobalt alloys. The effects of bath composition and pH were studied and compared with results for electrodeposited cadmium and zinc-10%nickel. It was found that zinc-1%cobalt alloy coatings caused serious hydrogen embrittlement (EI 0.63); almost as severe as that of cadmium (EI 0.78). Baking cadmium plated steel for 24 h at 200 °C gave full recovery of mechanical properties but specimens plated with zinc-1%cobalt and then baked still failed in 89% of the time of unplated controls. It was shown that hydrogen uptake and embrittlement could be controlled by depositing thin layers of cobalt or nickel at the steel/coating interface. For example, the least embrittlement was caused by zinc-10%nickel (EI 0.037) due to a nickel rich layer with very low hydrogen diffusion coefficient that formed during the initial stages of electroplating. Similarly, a 0.5 μm nickel layer was effective in lowering the embrittlement caused by zinc-1%cobalt to that of zinc-10%nickel. Furthermore, a 0.5 μm cobalt layer deposited before a zinc-1%cobalt coating gave virtually 100% recovery of mechanical properties after baking.