Quality and Reliability Problems from a Consumer's Perspective: an Increasing Problem Overlooked by Businesses?

Currently, many businesses in the consumer electronics industry are facing an increasing number of consumer complaints, despite the application of quality tools that proved to be very powerful in the past. We assessed over 20 new product development projects, to understand the reasons behind the rising number of consumer complaints. We found that businesses are developing more innovative products that are brought to the market faster, with inherently higher uncertainties on the consumer expectations of these products. Current analyses of consumer complaints solely focus on checking if the product is functioning according to the technical specification, and these analyses show a rising number of consumer complaints where no failure could be established. When looking at product quality and reliability from a consumer's perspective, we found that consumers complain not only about technical product failures but also when the product does not satisfy their expectations. In this paper we will take the perspective of the consumer to analyse dissatisfaction with new products from various available sources, which were not set‐up for quality and reliability purposes. We will show that analysing information from these sources gives better information, especially on the non‐technical failures compared with the traditional quality and reliability sources. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Requirements Scenarios Formalization Technique: N Versions Towards One Good Version

Using a notion of simulation introduced by de Roever et al. [9], we define a corresponding notion of bisimulation which we will use as a test to detect formality discrepancy between two formal versions of the same informal scenario. We will also use it, combined with the relation part of, as a test to detect discrepancy between two formal scenarios describing two different informal scenarios. We will describe a way of implementing these formality discrepancy tests in the work place. We call it N-version technique for scenario formalization. This technique allows us to (1) detect formality discrepancy between formal scenario versions corresponding to the same scenario, to (2) validate, for the given scenario, the formalization obtained by a specifier against another obtained by another specifier before bothering the stake-holder with problems of the specifier's creation (formalization errors), and to (3) detect formality discrepancy between the formal scenarios of different informal scenarios if their respective spaces share at least one component.     

基于IPSEC的VPN的安全功能要求的设计与分析

《计算机信息系统安全保护等级划分准则》是我国计算机安全产品和系统必须遵循的标准,而CC是一个新的国际性通用标准,设计一个满足CC标准的网络安全产品或系统,目前国内还没有借鉴之处。文章对国际国内的安全标准现状进行了分析比较,研究了将我国的计算机信息系统安全保护等级的要求用CC标准来描述的问题,并对基于IPSEC的VPN的安全功能要求的实现进行了研究。     

CM-Builder: A Natural Language-Based CASE Tool for Object-Oriented Analysis

Graphical CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools provide considerable help in documenting the output of the Analysis and Design stages of software development and can assist in detecting incompleteness and inconsistency in an analysis. However, these tools do not contribute to the initial, difficult stage of the analysis process, that of identifying the object classes, attributes and relationships used to model the problem domain. This paper describes an NL-Based CASE tool called Class Model Builder (CM-Builder) which aims at supporting this aspect of the Analysis stage of software development in an Object-Oriented framework. CM-Builder uses robust Natural Language Processing techniques to analyse software requirements texts written in English and constructs, either automatically or interactively with an analyst, an initial UML Class Model representing the object classes mentioned in the text and the relationships among them. The initial model can be directly input to a graphical CASE tool for further refinement by a human analyst. CM-Builder has been quantitatively evaluated in blind trials against a collection of unseen software requirements texts and we present the results of this evaluation, together with the evaluation method. The results are very encouraging and demonstrate that tools such as CM-Builder have the potential to play an important role in the software development process.     

信息系统安全需求分析方法研究

1 引言在人类社会的发展和生存越来越依赖于信息的今天,信息系统已成为人们用于产生、传送、使用、管理信息的主要工具和手段。然而,随着计算机和通信网络技术的飞速发展,信息系统的安全保密问题也日益突出和复杂化。怎么才能确保信息系统的有效性和安全性,已经成为社会普遍关注的重点问题。为此,在新信息系统的构建以及旧信息系统的维护和扩     

Rough Terrain Autonomous Mobility—Part 1: A Theoretical Analysis of Requirements

A basic requirement of autonomous vehicles is that of guaranteeing the safety of the vehicle by avoiding hazardous situations. This paper analyses this requirement in general terms of real-time response, throughput, and the resolution and accuracy of sensors and computations. Several nondimensional expressions emerge which characterize requirements in canonical form.The automatic generation of dense geometric models for autonomously navigating vehicles is a computationally expensive process. Using first principles, it is possible to quantify the relationship between the raw throughput required of the perception system and the maximum safely achievable speed of the vehicle. We derive several useful expressions for the complexity of terrain mapping perception under various assumptions. All of them can be reduced to polynomials in the response distance.The significant time consumed by geometric perception degrades real-time response characteristics. Using our results, several strategies of active geometric perception arise which are practical for autonomous vehicles and increasingly important at higher speeds.     

需求工程研究新进展

需求工程研究进展日渐显著，它可归结为需求工程的对象化、形式化和自动化三个主要方面．文中在讨论了需求工程有关的基本问题之后，围绕着上述三方面总结了其代表性工作、研究现状和发展趋势，并简要介绍了作者近期在面向对象需求工程及其自动化方面所做的一些工作．     

1000 MW级汽轮发电机技术问题概述

着重介绍当前国内外生产汽轮发电机的主要公司如西门子、东芝、三菱、日立、阿尔斯通、俄罗斯、原英国GEC、上海、哈尔滨、东方等设计生产和已投入运行的单轴3000r/min、50Hz的1000MW级汽轮发电机的基本参数,如额定容量、额定功率、定子电压、励磁方式、冷却方式、主要电气参数等。为适应调峰运行、进相运行、抗负序电流能力,从设计和结构上提出采取的技术措施,并提出发电机的一些基本技术要求,如安全可靠性、运行性能、冷却方式、定子电压选择、励磁方式选择、主要部件材质和结构的技术要求、辅助系统的技术要求等。     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料用于冷库保温工程施工中应注意的问题

阐述了冷库现场喷涂聚氨酯施工作业中对原材料、施工队伍、施工工艺等方面的要求和建议。     

商务英语写作与教学

作为商务沟通的一种表达手段，商务英语写作除了应符合一般英语写作的基本要求外，有其自身的写作特点。本从商务英语的语言和体特征及语用原则等方面探讨商务英语的写作方法，进而指出商务英语写作课程应帮助学生了解商务英语的体特点、语用原则以及写作方法，从而使他们创造出符合特定商务环境并能达到各种商务目的的商务英语。