Rinsing effect of alkaline electrolyzed water on nickel surfaces

The improvement in the surface cleanliness of electroplated nickel by rinsing in alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) was determined. When the nickel plated sample was rinsed with the AEW, it was found that the amount of residual sulfate ion on the surface of a sample decreased approximately by half compared to one rinsed only with de-ionized pure water. Because nanosize hydrogen bubbles are present in the AEW, and the zeta-potential has a negative value, we then surmised that the mechanism of rinsing was as follows: The sulfate ions are selectively absorbed on the nanosize colloidal hydrogen bubbles, or substituted for anions absorbed on the hydrogen bubbles. The sulfate ions absorbed on the nickel surface then become detached. The detached sulfate ions are absorbed on the surface of the hydrogen bubbles, and negatively charge the hydrogen bubbles. It can be considered that any detached sulfate ions do not re-adhere due to the electrical repulsion force of the negatively charged nickel surface. Thus the sample is efficiently rinsed.     

Measurement of residual stresses in injection‐molded polymer parts by time‐resolved fluorescence

Time‐resolved fluorescence properties of 9‐methylanthracene (9MAn) dispersed in film of polyvinylchloride (PVC) containing carbon black were studied under tensile loadings. The fluorescence lifetime of 9MAn decreased from 5.70 to 5.55 ns, whereas the stresses acting on the films increased from 0 to 3 MPa. The change in fluorescence lifetimes of 9MAn during the stress relaxation process showed that the fluorescence lifetimes were correlated with the stresses, not with the strains. The results suggest that 9MAn is a useful probe for monitoring stresses acting on the matrix. With the use of the fluorescence properties of 9MAn, the residual tensile stresses on the skin‐layer of PVC injection‐molded test pieces were estimated. The estimated residual stresses were about ～ 1 MPa. The residual stresses were relaxed to 0 MPa with annealing at 100°C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2600–2603, 2002     

伊朗轻质原油减渣馏分油水界面张力的研究

The vacuum residual from Iranian Light crude oil are separated into a series of 16 narrow fractions according to the molecular weight by the supercritical fluid extraction and fractional (SFEF) technology. The chemical element and the UV spectrum of each fraction are analyzed. The effects of several factors on the interfacial tension are investigated, which are the fraction concentration in oil phase, the ratio of oil component, the salts dissolved in the water phase and the pH value. The interfacial tension decreases rapidly as the concentration of the residual fraction in the oil increases, showing a higher interfacial activity of the fraction. The interfacial tension changes, as the amount of absorption or the state of the fractions in the interface changes resulting from different ratios of oil, different kinds or concentrations of salts in water, and different pH values. It is concluded that the intrfacial tension changes regularly, corresponding to the regular molecular parameters of the vacuum residual fractions.     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定三磷酸胞苷二钠中5种有机溶剂残留量

研究建立了同时测定三磷酸胞苷二钠中乙醇、丙酮、氯甲醚、甲苯、苯乙烯5种有机溶剂残留量的毛细管气相色谱法。样品以乙腈为溶剂,经DB-FFAP(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25μm)毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,这5种有机溶剂呈良好的线性响应,平均回收率在98.3%~99.5%,精密度RSD在0.21%~1.92%,最低检出限可达5.0~7.5 mg/kg。本方法简单、灵敏、准确,完全能满足药品中所述有机溶剂残留量的测定要求。     

我公司进行热电联产的可行性分析

大压差减温减压是能的严重贬值。根据公司供热现状，分析了热电联产的可行性，利用蒸汽余压发电后，再供生产系统各热用户，这样既节约了能源又缓解了集团公司用电紧张的局面，而且有相当可观的经济效益。     

Effect of green manure on the yield,N uptake and floodwater properties of a flooded rice,wheat rotation receiving15N urea on a highly permeable soil

Field studies were conducted for two years on a rapidly percolating loamy sand (Typic Ustochrept) to evaluate the effect of green manure (GM) on the yield,¹⁵N recovery from urea applied to flooded rice, the potential for ammonia loss and uptake of residual fertilizer N by succeeding crops. The GM crop ofSesbania aculeata was grownin situ and incorporated one day before transplanting rice. Urea was broadcast in 0.05 m deep floodwater, and incorporated with a harrow. Green manure significantly increased the yield and N uptake by rice and substituted for a minimum of 60 kg fertilizer N ha^–1. The recovery of fertilizer N as indicated by¹⁵N recovery was higher in the GM + urea treatments. The grain yield and N uptake by succeeding wheat in the rotation was slightly higher with GM. The recovery of residual fertilizer N as indicated by the¹⁵N recovery in the second, third and fourth crops of wheat, rice and wheat was only 3, 1 and 1 per cent of the urea fertilizer applied to the preceding rice crop. Floodwater chemistry parameters showed that the combined use of the GM and 40 kg N ha^–1 as urea applied at transplanting resulted in a comparatively higher potential for NH₃ loss immediately after fertilizer application. The actual ammonia loss as suggested by the¹⁵N recoveries in the rice crop, however, did not appear to be appreciably larger in the GM treatment. It appeared the ammonia loss was restricted by low ammoniacal-N concentration maintained in the floodwater after 2 to 3 days of fertilizer application.     

功能微生物对炼厂剩余污泥减量化效果的研究

研究了投加酵母菌群、光合细菌群和混合菌群等多功能微生物菌群促进炼厂的剩余污泥的减量化效果。通过多次污泥减量试验,观察到在好氧消化基础上投加功能菌群能显著促进炼厂剩余污泥减量化。结果表明,与仅好氧曝气条件下相比,投加酵母菌群、光合细菌群、混合菌群的MLSS去除率明显提高了13.81%、30.58%、37.94%;投加功能菌群作用后的污泥沉降性能均优于投加前;pH值均逐渐降低。功能微生物降解效应使石油组分发生明显的变化,强化了对低中碳正构烷烃的降解程度,有利于将高碳链烃降解为低碳链烃。     

结构损伤识别的残余向量法及数值仿真

为了找到对小损伤较敏感的参数,在结构自由振动微分方程基础上,利用广义逆和矩阵投影定理,导出了识别效果很好的残余向量投影范数.确定了损伤单元,计算了该损伤单元的损伤因子.算例分析发现,该参数对结构损伤非常敏感,能识别出结构中的微小损伤,而且不受损伤位置的约束,仅需要结构的前几阶模态就能达到很好的效果.     

柴油机排气管恒温进气的内流场数值模拟

采用汽车尾气温差发电技术是一种合理有效的节能方法,而温差发电器件的安装位置将直接影响传热效果。根据柴油机排气管道的内流特点,建立流动模型,利用FLUENT软件进行了数值模拟,根据计算仿真的结果,通过对速度场、压力场、温度场和湍动能的计算值的分析,精确的指出了热量利用的最佳区域。     

高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度

完成了150块不同再生粗骨料取代率（0%、30％、50%、70％、100％）下再生混凝土棱柱体试块在20℃～800℃下的高温试验。通过对高温中和高温后试验现象与数据的对比,研究了高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度,分析了高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度与经历温度之间的相互关系与变化特点,同时与已有高温后再生混凝土的残余抗压强度进行了对比分析。最后,提出了基于试验统计的再生混凝土残余抗折强度与经历温度之间的建议公式。结果表明：随经历温度的升高,高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度整体上逐渐下降;与残余抗压强度相比,再生粗骨料取代率对高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度影响不明显。