四硼酸钠改性水玻璃制备保温材料及其性能研究

单一水玻璃发泡制备得到的保温材料具有不燃、质轻及导热系数低的优点,但耐水性较差制约了其实际应用。本文利用四硼酸钠改性水玻璃,采用低温烧结的方式制备得到保温材料。通过对该材料化学结构和物理性能的表征及离子浸出试验,研究四硼酸钠对材料性能的影响效果。结果表明:四硼酸钠能够有效降低材料中—OH的数量,并使Si—O结构更加复杂,从而提高材料的耐水性。当四硼酸钠的添加量为1%(质量分数,下同)时,其对材料中钠离子及硅酸根离子浸出的抑制效果最显著,两者的离子浓度分别降低65.33%和45.02%。当四硼酸钠的添加量为3%时,材料的软化系数可提高84.6%,其抗压强度、导热系数和表观密度分别为0.46 MPa、0.046 W/(m·K)和123.1 kg/m³。     

废旧锂离子电池回收处理技术与资源化再生技术进展

近年来,随着消费电子商品、电动车和大规模储能市场的快速发展,作为目前占据最多市场份额的锂离子电池的产量也随之快速增长,随之产生的废旧锂离子电池的数量和重量呈现出了井喷式的上涨。从其巨大的数量、环境保护和资源再生的角度来看,废旧锂离子电池都具有很高的回收价值和潜力。本文主要从实验室研究和工业应用两个角度总结了目前主要的回收处理方法和流程,重点介绍了利用废旧锂离子电池电极材料重新再生和合成新的电极材料的研究进展。目前废旧锂离子电池回收处理存在的问题主要是：电极材料的复杂多样性导致分离提纯过程困难,回收过程易产生二次污染以及回收的经济激励不足。未来的发展趋势在于结合绿色环保和低成本经济,研究高效的回收处理工艺流程。     

Selective leaching of vanadium from V-Ti magnetite concentrates by pellet calcification roasting-H_2SO_4 leaching process

A novel method of pellet calcification roasting-H_2 SO_4 leaching was proposed to efficiently separate and extract vanadium(V) from vanadium-titanium(V-Ti) magnetite concentrates.The leaching rate of V is as high as 88.98%,while the leaching rate of impurity iron is only 1.79%.Moreover,the leached pellets can be used as raw materials for blast furnace ironmaking after secondary roasting.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEMEDS) analyses showed that V~(3+) was oxidized to V~(5+) after roasting at 1200℃,and V~(5+) was then leached by H_2 SO_4.X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses and single factor experiment revealed a minimal amount of dissolved Fe_2 O_3 during H_2 SO_4 leaching.Therefore,a high separation degree of V and iron(Fe) from V-Ti magnetite concentrate was achieved through H_2 SO_4 leaching.Compared with the traditional roastingleaching process,this process can achieve a high selectivity of V and Fe,and has excellent prospects for industrial production.     

煤矸石制备聚合氯化铝铁钙与应用试验研究

以煤矸石为原料,经过高温焙烧、酸浸、聚合、熟化等过程制备了高效无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁钙（PAFCC）,通过单因素试验研究了PAFCC制备条件对浊度、COD和UV₂₅₄去除率的影响。试验结果表明,PAFCC最佳聚合条件为pH值2、聚合温度60℃、聚合时间5 h、在40℃下熟化28 h。混凝结果表明：制备的PAFCC对浊度有极好的去除效果,达95.70%,同时,对COD、UV₂₅₄也有一定的去除效果,去除率分别达到47.51%、45.98%。炼化废水混凝结果表明：PAFCC对浊度和总磷有较好的去除效果,同时,对COD及氨氮也有一定的去除效果,效果明显优于传统PAC。     

Removal of inorganic constituents from pine barks and switchgrass

The ash content of biomass has some negative impacts on the efficient utilization of biomass for the production of value-added products. In this paper, the techniques of ash removal from Mountain Pine Beetle (MPB) killed pine bark and switchgrass were examined systematically. Size fractionation was found to be effective for ash removal not only for the heterogeneous switchgrass but also for the homogeneous pine bark. Inorganic constituents of untreated samples and treated samples showed that leaching by water and four dilute acid solutions was effective in removing most of ash from both biomass samples. The inorganic element distributions in ash of pine bark samples before and after the acid leaching showed that substantial reductions were achieved in different main elements, Al (66%), Ca (90%), Fe (66%), K (92%), Mg (98%), Na (100%) and S (25%). For switchgrass, most of the element concentrations were reduced by water leaching because of its high content of water-soluble metals in the ash. For the purpose of practical applications of the two types of biomass, especially the underutilized pine barks, different leaching methods should be evaluated to identify the most suitable method for the removal of inorganic constituents.     

糖蜜酒精废液中大分子焦糖色素模拟物浸出软锰矿的动力学

用收缩芯模型研究了糖蜜酒精废液中大分子焦糖色素在硫酸介质中还原浸出软锰矿的动力学,考察了软锰矿粒度、反应温度、浸出时间、硫酸浓度和焦糖色素浓度对锰浸出速率的影响.结果表明锰浸出速率随反应温度、硫酸浓度、焦糖色素浓度的增加和软锰矿粒径的减小而增加.糖蜜酒精废液中大分子焦糖色素还原浸出软锰矿属固体产物层扩散控制,表观活化能...     

溶蚀混凝土的表征及应力-应变关系

溶蚀作用导致水泥基材料的孔隙率增加从而影响材料的传输及力学性能.对于结构中的既有混凝土,采用非破损和局部破损方法测量和评估溶蚀混凝士的承载力是非常重要的.采用酚酞指示剂法、孔隙溶液pH测量法、超声波无损检测法,对溶蚀混凝土进行了溶蚀损伤程度表征;试验测试了溶蚀混凝七的单轴应力一应变关系:采用XRD和压汞分析研究了混凝土...     

高强度模拟酸雨淋滤珠江三角洲地区潮土的有机质含量变化研究

采用高强度（平均离子强下10年、20年、30年雨量）模拟酸雨淋滤珠江三角洲地区的潮土,用重铬酸钾滴定法测定淋滤后土壤的有机质含量。研究表明：高强度模拟酸雨对土壤有机质含量的影响不大。各层土有机质含量变化最大的为下降13.04%,最小的为-1.33%。     

Management scenarios for olive oil mill waste based on characterization and leaching tests

BACKGROUND: Olive oil mill waste is a serious environmental problem in the Mediterranean basin given its particular characteristics of high organic content, seasonal and localized generation, and the type of processing involved. RESULTS: Olive mill waste from a three‐phase mill was characterized by means of total analysis, availability and mobility of the pollutants in order to help the decision‐maker about possible options for its valorization and/or disposal. Water content, loss of ignition, total organic carbon, phenol index and metals concentrations were measured to fully characterize the waste. Three leaching tests (NEN 7341, EN 12457 and UNE CEN‐TS 15364 EX) were carried out to evaluate the environmental hazard of the waste material and the leachates were characterized with respect to electric conductivity, pH, heavy metals, anions and organic pollutants (phenol index and total organic carbon) according to European waste directives. The results were compared with EU regulations for inert, non‐hazardous and hazardous waste disposal. CONCLUSION: It was found that not only organic parameters must be taken into account concerning the fate of this waste material, but also the mobility of heavy metals and anions should be studied. Furthermore, stabilization/solidification processes are recommended before landfill disposal of this kind of agro‐waste material. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

软锰矿浸出制备软磁铁氧体用碳酸锰的研究

研究了以低品位软锰矿石为原料,配入植物粉料,用硫酸直接浸出软锰矿制备软磁铁氧体用碳酸锰的新工艺方法。探讨了软锰矿直接酸浸、含锰浸出液净化除杂、锰净化液碳化结晶等工艺条件。所制备的产品经X 射线衍射、粒度分析及化学成分分析等测试,结果表明,产品质量达到GB10503 89Ⅰ型品的要求。在优惠工艺条件下,锰的回收率达90%以上。