金属阳极电解槽修订标准释义

对HG/T 2471-1993《隔膜法电解槽金属阳极涂层》和HG 2951-1988（原GB 9844-88）《隔膜法金属阳极电解槽制造技术条件》标准的修订版HG/T 2471-2001《电解槽金属阳极涂层》和HG/T 2951-2001《隔膜法金属阳极电解槽》进行了技术性解释。公布了按照HG/T 2471-2001《电解槽金属阳极涂层》要求对产品质量达标企业的型式检验结果。     

Synthesis of nano Sb-encapsulated pyrolytic polyacrylonitrile composite for anode material in lithium secondary batteries

A novel process was proposed to synthesize nano Sb-encapsulated pyrolytic polyacrylonitrile composite for anode material in lithium secondary batteries. The preparation started with the dissolution of SbCl₃ and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, followed by the addition of KBH₄ to reduce Sb³⁺ in the solution. The Sb composite was obtained by pyrolysis of the Sb/PAN mixture that precipitated out when the DMF solution was added by plentiful water. The TEM analysis showed that about 100-200 nm Sb particles were embedded by the pyrolyzed PAN, which provided a conductive matrix to relieve the morphological change of Sb during electrochemical cycling. As-prepared composite presented good cycleability for lithium storage. The proposed process paves an effective way to prepare high performance alloy based composite anode materials for high performance lithium-ion batteries.     

我国木质素油田化学品的发展现状

本文综述了我国木质素类（碱木质素或木质素磺酸盐）油田化学品的最新进展，其中包括钻井液处理剂、油井水泥添加剂、堵水剂、调剖剂、稠油降粘剂和表面活性剂驱油的牺牲剂。目前我国木质素类堵水剂、调剖剂和稠油降粘剂的研究和应用方面已达到或超过世界先进水平，改性木质素磺酸盐的研究也接近国际先进水平，但钻井处理剂和水泥添加剂仅为美国的1／9，许多木质素化学品仍为空白。因此，这些油田化学品仍然是吸引人去研究的课题，期望不久的将来会有较大的进展。     

电化学溶解镁阳极制备纳米MgO粉体

该文以"牺牲"阳极溶解法在0.04mol／L(Bu4N)Br的乙醇和乙酰丙酮混合溶液中,电流强度控制在0.2A,电解镁片6h,制得纳米氧化物粉体MgO的前驱体Mg(OEt)2-x(acac)xo控制pH=8.0左右,将含有前驱体的电解液直接水解。水解产物经洗涤、干燥后于500℃煅烧2h,制得纳米MgOg粉体。采用红外(IR)、差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、电子透射技术(TEM)等手段对前驱体和纳米MgO进行了表征。结果表明:制备得到的纳米粉体呈单分散结构,平均粒径在12nm左右。用此种方法比较容易制得所需产物,是一种合成纳米氧化物的很有前途的方法。     

Characterisation and behaviour of Ti/TiO2/noble metal anodes

The morphology, composition and the electrical and electrochemical behaviour of the anodic microporous layer, prepared by the galvanostatic anodisation of Ti after sparking, followed by galvanostatic deposition of Pt or Ir have been investigated. These electrodes are proposed to function as dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs). For Ti/TiO₂/Pt electrodes, Pt is deposited within some of the micropores of the oxide film. In contrast, for Ti/TiO₂/Ir, the metal is deposited preferentially on the top surface. This difference is thought to result from the position of the metal deposition potential with respect to the flat band potential of n-TiO₂. Optical imaging of both types of DSA suggests that only a few sites on the surface are responsible for electron exchange at the DSA-electrolyte interface. C-AFM measurements of Ti/TiO₂/Pt samples subjected to long-term anodic polarisation, suggest that the Ti-noble metal contact is progressively insulated by thickening of the TiO₂ barrier layer, promoting passivation of the DSA. For Ir coated anodes, catalytic activity is directly related to the presence of Ir and to the stability of the catalytic oxide layer. Under Cu electrowinning conditions, the electrochemically formed hydrated Ir oxide was found to be catalytically less stable, than the iridium oxide film subjected to a heat treatment.     

如何提高预焙铝电解槽阳极质量

预焙阳极的质量已严重制约铝电解技术的发展，必须予以足够的重视．国外在提高阳极质量方面的有效措施，可以供国内阳极工厂技术改造及科研攻关借鉴．     

Electrochemical destruction of chlorophenoxy herbicides by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton using a boron-doped diamond electrode

The degradation of herbicides 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) in aqueous medium of pH 3.0 has been comparatively studied by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. All solutions are totally mineralized by electro-Fenton, even at low current, being the process more efficient with 1 mM Fe²⁺ as catalyst. This is due to the production of large amounts of oxidant hydroxyl radical (OH) on the BDD surface by water oxidation and from Fenton’s reaction between added Fe²⁺ and H₂O₂ electrogenerated at the O₂-diffusion cathode. The herbicide solutions are also completely depolluted by anodic oxidation. Although a quicker degradation is found at the first stages of electro-Fenton, similar times are required for achieving overall mineralization in both methods. The decay kinetics of all herbicides always follows a pseudo first-order reaction. Reversed-phase chromatography allows detecting 4-chlorophenol, 4-chloro-o-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as primary aromatic intermediates of 4-CPA, MCPA, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, respectively. Dechlorination of these products gives Cl⁻, which is slowly oxidized on BDD. Ion-exclusion chromatography reveals the presence of persistent oxalic acid in electro-Fenton by formation of Fe³⁺-oxalato complexes, which are slowly destroyed by OH adsorbed on BDD. In anodic oxidation, oxalic acid is mineralized practically at the same rate as generated.     

Binder effect on cycling performance of silicon/carbon composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

The cycling performance of a silicon/carbon composite anode has been significantly enhanced by using acrylic adhesive and modified acrylic adhesive as binder to fabricate the electrodes for lithium ion batteries. The capacity retentions of Si/C composite electrodes bound by acrylic adhesive and modified acrylic adhesive are 79% and 90% after 50 cycles, respectively. These two binders are electrochemically stable in the organic electrolyte in the working window. They also show larger adhesion strength between the coating and the Cu current collector as well as smaller solvent absorption in the electrolyte solvent than polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Furthermore, sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) plays an important role on improving the properties of acrylic adhesive, which increases the adhesive strength of acrylic adhesive and improves the activation of the electrodes.     

Advanced Sn/C composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Metallic tin was deposited in fine particulate form on the surface of carbonaceous mesophase spherules (CMS) and in the pores of porous carbon by the decomposition and reduction of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate at 450 °C. The Sn/C composite powders obtained were used as anode materials for lithium ion cells. Electrochemical cycling tests of coin cells show that the dispersion of tin into the carbonaceous materials enhances the reversible capacity of the electrodes. The capacity retention at the 50th cycle is 91 % for Sn/CMS composite containing 22% tin, against 428 mAh g^–1 at the first cycle. With further increase in tin content, the capacity fade upon cycling is more rapid.     

锂离子电池层状LiMnO2正极材料的研究进展

论述了锂离子电池层状LiMnO2正极材料的结构、性能、制备、存在的问题和掺杂改性等方面的研究状况,讨论了今后层状LiMnO2的研究趋势.