Yielding, authoritarianism, and authoritarian ideology regarding groups.

This investigation was prompted by Asch's (1952) discussion of the personal and social significance of yielding to group pressure. For the person, yielding requires the inhibition of overt and perhaps implicit responses to objective situational requirements. For the group, malignant processes may arise and develop, unchecked by those members in whom goals of personal security predominate over group goals. In the present study, the view was taken that both meanings of yielding are assigned positive value in two separate ideologies concerning the group-individual relation. One of these is termed "conformity" and the other is "rugged individualism." In the study, group pressure was simulated by announcing bogus group judgments to small groups of Ss whose apparent task was to match one of three lines of variable length with a standard line. Questionnaires were used to measure variables, which were: the ideology of conformity (IC), the ideology of rugged individualism (RI), ethnocentrism (E), and authoritarianism (F). The questionnaires were administered to 91 college students, both day school and evening. It was found that the correlation with the F scale was .48 (P     

小尺寸波纹光阑的实验研究

报道了在光路中使用小尺寸波纹光阑代替圆孔光阑的研究结果。应用菲涅耳衍射光强分布理论以及光上光强分布理论对波纹光阑在一定条件下的作用范围进行了分析。用CCD成像系统对实验结果进行记录。结表明实际与理论能较好地吻合。从光路的实际使用效果看，对比圆孔光阑，应用波纹光阑在其作用范围内实现了对光束衍射调制的抑制和填充冈子的提高。     

考虑大主应力方向转换的横压试验机理分析

本文分别对纯粘土和一般土的横压试验进行了分析。根据土体开始屈服时的大主应力方向，将屈服划分为两种类型，给出了判别式，推导出每种屈服的比例极限压力。然后，根据屈服后大主应力的转换情况，将屈服后的塑性区划分为两个亚区，推导出每个亚区的应力场。最后，给出了极限压力的计算式，并与试验值作了对比。     

小范围屈服条件下复合材料裂纹尖端塑性区分析

基于复合材料力学,推导Tsai-Hill强度准则在平面应力和平面应变条件下的一般表达式,得到了小范围屈服条件下,含中心裂纹无限大板Ⅰ型裂纹、Ⅱ型裂纹和Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端塑性区的解析解。针对不同裂纹倾角及泊松比 和,对裂尖塑性区进行了计算和分析。结果表明平面应变条件下塑性区范围小于平面应力条件下塑性区范围,参数、和 对复合材料裂尖塑性区范围和形状有明显的影响,不同的参数值得到的塑性区结果差别很大。另外,该解既适用于各向异性复合材料,也适用于各向同性材料。     

Lifetime Assessment of Load‐Bearing Polymer Glasses: An Analytical Framework for Ductile Failure

The most widespread application of polymers in structural applications is their use as pipe material for e.g., gas distribution systems. Pipes have a design lifetime of typically 50 years, which rules out real‐time lifetime assessment methods. Here, an engineering approach is presented, which makes it possible to predict long‐term ductile failure of loaded glassy polymers based on short‐term tests. The approach is based upon the hypothesis that failure is governed by accumulation of plastic deformation up to a critical strain. A pressure‐modified Eyring relation is employed to calculate the accumulation of plastic strain for any simple loading geometry. It is demonstrated that the approach can produce accurate quantitative time‐to‐failure predictions for loaded PC specimens and uPVC pipe segments.

     

翅片螺距对锯齿螺旋翅片换热管特性的影响

在连续螺旋翅片管基础上发展而来的锯齿螺旋翅片管具有易于制造、翅化比大,传热系数和翅片效率更高等优点,已广泛应用于各类大型气体换热设备中。为获得翅片螺距对锯齿螺旋翅片换热管特性的影响,在分析其影响机理的基础上对5个锯齿螺旋翅片管错列管束进行了实验研究。实验结果表明：在实验研究的翅片螺距范围(3.831～4.167 mm),相同Re下随翅片螺距增大,管束翅侧Nu增大19%,Eu减小8%;因锯齿螺旋翅片中气流更易渗透和冲刷充分,翅片螺距大于4 mm时其对翅侧Nu的影响已不明显;随气流Re增大,管束综合传热性能j相似文献   

十字路口处长车交通状态相图

如今,相图被广泛用于交通科学领域的研究,取得了重要成果。根据理论分析和计算机模拟,本文构建了十字路口处交通流量相图。该相图是由五个基本区域构成的,本文分析并推导出每个区域的具体流量公式。在周期边界条件下,采用确定性 Fukui－Ishibashi元胞自动机交通模型进行数值模拟,其模拟结果与理论分析精确一致。     

Effect of processing conditions on the yield and failure response of an aliphatic polyketone terpolymer

The effect of processing conditions on the yield and failure behavior of an aliphatic polyketone terpolymer was studied. Testing and characterization were performed on samples that were extruded in the form of hollow cylinders. We performed the extrusion process at different shear rates and at different cooling rates to assess the effect that process conditions had on the polymer properties. We performed biaxial testing on the samples to characterize the failure envelopes, including the ductile–brittle transition condition for each process condition. The effect of shear rate was negligible, whereas the cooling rate significantly affected the failure behavior. To explain these differences in behavior, we performed characterization via differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and residual stress measurements. A broad glass transition was found for all samples at temperatures higher than previously reported for this material. Alteration of the processing conditions did not influence the crystalline phase (percentage crystallinity, crystalline orientation, crystallite size, etc.). A change in spherulitic structure was also observed with altered cooling rate and is suggested to have contributed to the change in failure behavior. Residual stresses also affected the behavior of all samples. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 318–334, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10334     

水泥-白云石粉浆体流变性能研究

试验采用旋转黏度计测定了水泥-白云石粉浆体剪切应力和塑性黏度随剪切速率变化的规律,对所测浆体T-γ曲线采用Bingham流体模型进行拟合,得到浆体屈服应力和塑性黏度,采用Power Law流体模型拟合出浆体的流变指数,并用触变环面积表征浆体的触变性.研究结果表明:在0 ～ 30％掺量范围内,随白云石粉掺量的增大,水泥浆体的屈服应力、塑性黏度和触变性均逐渐增加;白云石粉细度对浆体屈服应力和塑性黏度影响较小.     

Yielding behaviour of thermoplastic/elastomer blends cured by gamma irradiation

Mechanical blends of thermoplastic medium density polyethylene (MDPE) and elastomeric ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) have been prepared with a fixed composition of 60/40 wt%. They have been used either in their gum form or loaded with two different reinforcing fillers, high abrasion furnace (HAF) carbon black or precipitated SiO₂ (Hi Sil) of concentration 25–100 phr (parts per hundred parts of resin) with respect to the blend. Curing was achieved by gamma irradiation. Yielding properties (yield stress, yield strain and cold drawing) have been followed as a function of irradiation dose for different blend compositions. Yield stress values increased with irradiation dose and with the content of the reinforcing filler, but yield strain and cold drawing values decreased with irradiation dose and also with the filler content. The data obtained reveal that Hi Sil is more effective as a reinforcing filler, and the prepared blends are suitable for load‐bearing applications. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry