十字路口处长车交通状态相图

如今,相图被广泛用于交通科学领域的研究,取得了重要成果。根据理论分析和计算机模拟,本文构建了十字路口处交通流量相图。该相图是由五个基本区域构成的,本文分析并推导出每个区域的具体流量公式。在周期边界条件下,采用确定性 Fukui－Ishibashi元胞自动机交通模型进行数值模拟,其模拟结果与理论分析精确一致。     

Influence of residual thermal stresses on fatigue crack growth life of discontinuous reinforcements in metal matrix composites

The fatigue life prediction model based on crack propagation from micro-structural features is derived and presented for planar and randomly oriented Discontinuous Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (DRMMCs). The model contains the influence of micro-structural properties such as aspect ratio, volume fraction of particle/fibre and constraint between particle and the matrix. The effect of residual thermal stresses generated within the matrix during development of composite is considered. The particle/fibre plays a dominant role in the development of the cyclic plastic zone size ahead of the crack tip; moreover, it enhances the cyclic plastic deformation characteristics of DRMMC. The theoretical model-based evaluations for low cycle fatigue in DRMMCs are within the proximity of the experimental results.     

Microstructures and tensile behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced Cu matrix nanocomposites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as an ideal reinforcement to improve the mechanical performance of monolithic materials. However, the CNT/metal nanocomposites have shown lower strength than expected. In this study, the CNT reinforced Cu matrix nanocomposites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of high energy ball-milled nano-sized Cu powders with multi-wall CNTs, and followed by cold rolling process. The microstructure of CNT/Cu nanocomposites consists of two regions including CNT/Cu composite region, where most CNTs are distributed, and CNT free Cu matrix region. The stress–strain curves of CNT/Cu nanocomposites show a two-step yielding behavior, which is caused from the microstructural characteristics consisting of two regions and the load transfer between these regions. The CNT/Cu nanocomposites show a tensile strength of 281 MPa, which is approximately 1.6 times higher than that of monolithic Cu. It is confirmed that the key issue to enhance the strength of CNT/metal nanocomposite is homogeneous distribution of CNTs.     

铲齿齿背曲线的自动生成方法

在VisualLisp二次开发环境中 ,利用VisualLisp的图形处理函数 ,针对铣刀、滚刀等典型复杂刀具工作图中端面齿形的绘制特点 ,提出了一套简单实用的弧线求交和弧弧求交特殊算法 ,实现了铣刀、滚刀等端面齿形图中铲磨齿背曲线的自动生成。     

高强让压锚杆支护效果数值模拟研究

高强让压锚杆支护就是在高强锚杆托盘和螺母之间加一让压环,通过让压环在一定压力下的变形使围岩卸压,可有效地控制住复杂难支护巷道的大变形.采用大型三维岩土工程数值模拟软件FLAC3D,对高强让压锚杆支护前后围岩变形破坏规律进行了数值模拟,对高强让压锚杆支护前后围岩的应力、位移及锚杆轴力的变化情况等进行了系统分析.结果表明,高强让压锚杆支护显著改善了巷道支护效果,有效地控制了复杂困难巷道的损伤变形.     

屈服耗能隔墙的减震性能

将消能减震概念应用于非结构构件,提出一种屈服耗能隔墙。该隔墙在小震下为主体结构提供可量化的刚度支持,大震时提供可调节的耗能能力支持。通过对屈服耗能隔墙试件进行不同耗能元件数量下的静力往复试验,研究了该类型隔墙的消能机理与破坏模式,并基于IDARC程序中的柱单元对试件进行模拟,获得了消能元件数量与隔墙滞回参数之间的量化关系,提出了在IDARC程序中模拟设置屈服耗能隔墙的方法。通过对一个6层钢筋混凝土框架进行不同屈服耗能隔墙设置方案下的动力时程分析,发现屈服耗能隔墙的设置能够有效减小结构的地震反应、降低结构的损伤;框架中耗能隔墙数量的增加会使结构的层间位移显著减小,而隔墙数量相同时,隔墙中耗能元件数量的增加并不会导致结构层间位移发生明显变化。     

单自由度体系地震残余变形分析及计算

地震残余变形是结构可修复能力的重要指标,准确分析结构的残余变形对于震后结构性能的评估与控制具有重要意义。基于对不同单自由度(SDOF)体系的弹塑性地震响应的统计分析,研究了不同参数对地震残余变形的影响,其中滞回特性、屈服后刚度、地面峰值加速度(PGA)以及最大弹塑性变形对残余变形的影响较大;同时结合理论分析提出了分别适用于弹塑性Kinematic滞回模型和Takeda滞回模型的残余变形简化计算方法。该方法是以先获得结构的最大弹塑性变形为基础的,能与传统的确定结构最大变形性能的抗震分析方法(Pushover方法)较好地结合。最后,以一钢筋混凝土单柱桥墩为例,详细阐述了所提出的方法进行单自由度体系结构的地震残余变形计算及震后结构性能评估的过程,分析表明基于Takeda模型的结构残余变形的计算结果偏于安全。     

Yielding, authoritarianism, and authoritarian ideology regarding groups.

This investigation was prompted by Asch's (1952) discussion of the personal and social significance of yielding to group pressure. For the person, yielding requires the inhibition of overt and perhaps implicit responses to objective situational requirements. For the group, malignant processes may arise and develop, unchecked by those members in whom goals of personal security predominate over group goals. In the present study, the view was taken that both meanings of yielding are assigned positive value in two separate ideologies concerning the group-individual relation. One of these is termed "conformity" and the other is "rugged individualism." In the study, group pressure was simulated by announcing bogus group judgments to small groups of Ss whose apparent task was to match one of three lines of variable length with a standard line. Questionnaires were used to measure variables, which were: the ideology of conformity (IC), the ideology of rugged individualism (RI), ethnocentrism (E), and authoritarianism (F). The questionnaires were administered to 91 college students, both day school and evening. It was found that the correlation with the F scale was .48 (P     

AZ31镁合金变路径压缩过程中解孪晶行为分析

对AZ31镁合金轧制板材进行RD-ND-RD-ND(RD-rolling direction,轧向;ND-normal direction,法向)的变路径压缩实验,研究了变形过程中的力学性能,并采用EBSD技术跟踪了上述变形过程中晶粒取向变化,分析了孪晶变体的启动情况。结果表明,在变路径压缩过程中,依次对应{10 12}拉伸孪晶-{10 12}解孪晶-{10 12}拉伸孪晶-{10 12}解孪晶的微观变形机制。首次解孪晶使屈服强度下降明显,而后续的孪晶和解孪晶过程的屈服强度都增加,且两者差值很小。解孪晶过程中孪晶变体的启动遵循Schmid定律,但出现明显的选择性,解孪晶过程都由t3或t4变体完成。     

Compatibility of the Support System Consisting of Yielding Elements and Shotcrete Lining in Highly Faulted Grounds

The design procedure is made for a mine shaft where permanent underground facilities are interconnected. The highly faulted grounds were identified using empirical and semi-empirical theories. Furthermore, the behavior types are presented. This paper presents excavation and support methods in such ground conditions and the calculations results show that the installation of the yielding elements have an effect on support elements and prevent shotcrete damage during the curing stage. Different numerical analyses carried out showed that, with the yielding elements installed, the total displacements increase but the final axial force reduces, and therefore, the characteristic compressive strength of shotcrete is not exceeded. The calculation results of ground loads and displacements on the designed support system are presented with a 3D numerical geo-mechanical model adopted for highly faulted ground surrounding deeper complex underground structures.