Comparison of irreversible deformation and yielding in microlayers of polycarbonate with poly(methylmethacrylate) and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)

Microlayers of polycarbonate (PC) with poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) were processed with varying layer thicknesses. Adhesion between PC and PMMA was found to be an order of magnitude higher than between PC and SAN, as determined with the T‐peel method. To probe the effect of the adhesion difference on yielding and deformation of PC/PMMA and PC/SAN microlayers, the macroscopic stress–strain behavior was examined as a function of layer thickness and strain rate, and the results were interpreted in terms of the microdeformation behavior. During yielding, crazes in thick SAN layers opened up into cracks; however, PC layers drew easily because local delamination relieved constraint at the PC/SAN interface. Adhesion of PC/PMMA was too strong for delamination at the interface when PMMA crazes opened up into cracks at low strain rates. Instead, PMMA cracks tore into neighboring PC layers and initiated fracture. At higher strain rates, good adhesion produced yielding of thick PMMA layers, a phenomenon not observed with thick SAN layers. The change in microdeformation mechanism of PMMA with increasing strain rate produced a transition in the yield stress of PC/PMMA microlayers. Microlayers of both PC/SAN and PC/PMMA with thinner layers (individual layers 0.3–0.6 μm thick) exhibited improved ballistic performance compared to microlayers with thicker layers (individual layers 10–20 μm thick), which was due to cooperative yielding of both components. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1545–1557, 2000     

Tensile test of poly(vinyl chloride) filled with ground calcium carbonate particles

The fracture behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) filled with ground calcium carbonate particles during a tensile test was studied. The particles were prepared by crushing natural raw crystalline limestone. For this purpose, 10–50 parts of the particles having two different mean sizes (2 and 8 μm) without further surface treatment were mixed with 100 parts of poly(vinyl chloride) and 3 parts of lead stearate as a stabilizer using a mixing roll. A tensile test was carried out using a dumbbell specimen. As a result, the yield stress decreased with increase in the particle content; however, there was no significant influence of particle size. From scanning electron microscopic observations of the specimen's surfaces during the tensile test, it was found that the particle/matrix interfaces were delaminated and formed voids around the particles when the applied stress approached the yield stress, that is, the particles acted as voids and the matrix around the voids was plastically deformed effectively. These observations appear to be the reason for the decrease of yield stress by the incorporation of the particles. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 311–316, 1998     

考虑应力路径影响的垃圾土应力-应变特性

填埋场内垃圾土体存在多种应力状态(如压缩、拉伸、加载和卸载等),常规三轴试验和直剪试验难以全面进行模拟。为此,利用GDS三轴仪针对垃圾土重塑样开展9种不同应力路径下的三轴试验,深入研究分析应力路径对垃圾土应力-应变特性和屈服特性的影响,提出描述垃圾土应力-应变关系统一的数学模型,并得到p-q应力空间上垃圾土的屈服轨迹。通过与砂土进行比较,揭示应力路径对垃圾土中纤维材料加筋作用的影响规律。结果表明：对于σ₃≥0的压缩路径,垃圾土的应力关系曲线上翘,没有任何出现峰值或趋于渐近值的迹象,纤维材料起到的加筋作用最显著;对于σ₃<0的压缩路径,垃圾土的偏应力随轴向应变增加而增大,并逐渐趋于某定值,纤维材料起到的加筋作用较弱;对于Δq<0的伸长路径,垃圾土与砂土的应力-应变关系曲线近乎一致,纤维材料几乎不产生加筋作用。垃圾土中纤维材料的加筋作用与应力路径密切相关,研究成果为全面深入理解垃圾土的力学特性提供了依据。     

6061铝合金板材锯齿形屈服行为的研究

对6061铝合金板材锯齿形屈服行为中应力跌幅、跌落时间等多个特征物理量随应变率的变化规律进行了系统的研究,探讨了锯齿形行为对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,应力跌幅个数,跌落时间及其个数,再加载时间及其个数均随着应变率的增大而逐渐减少;当应变率为1.4×10-3s-1时,6061铝合金板材的锯齿形屈服行为最弱,板材的力学性能最好。     

6061铝合金板材锯齿形屈服行为的研究

对6061铝合金板材锯齿形屈服行为中应力跌幅、跌落时间等多个特征物理量随应变率的变化规律进行了系统的研究,探讨了锯齿形行为对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,应力跌幅个数,跌落时间及其个数,再加载时间及其个数均随着应变率的增大而逐渐减少;当应变率为1．4×10^-3s^-1时,6061铝合金板材的锯齿形屈服行为最弱,板材的力学性能最好。     

翅片螺距对锯齿螺旋翅片换热管特性的影响

在连续螺旋翅片管基础上发展而来的锯齿螺旋翅片管具有易于制造、翅化比大,传热系数和翅片效率更高等优点,已广泛应用于各类大型气体换热设备中。为获得翅片螺距对锯齿螺旋翅片换热管特性的影响,在分析其影响机理的基础上对5个锯齿螺旋翅片管错列管束进行了实验研究。实验结果表明：在实验研究的翅片螺距范围(3.831～4.167 mm),相同Re下随翅片螺距增大,管束翅侧Nu增大19%,Eu减小8%;因锯齿螺旋翅片中气流更易渗透和冲刷充分,翅片螺距大于4 mm时其对翅侧Nu的影响已不明显;随气流Re增大,管束综合传热性能j相似文献   

80 MeV/u C-12离子诱变选育PHB高产菌株

用80MeV/u12C6+离子对一株积累聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的芽孢杆菌(BacillusP-9)进行诱变选育,最终获得PHB高产株菌G15,其PHB产量达2.93g/L,与出发菌株相比较,PHB积累量提高了1.5倍。研究结果表明,本试验辐照最佳剂量为15Gy。重离子辐照诱变育种效果显著,具有广阔的发展应用前景。     

软弱岩石峰后应变软化力学特性研究

 软弱岩石给采矿工程中巷道支护和维护带来一系列棘手的问题,深入研究软弱岩石受力变形、破坏的机制和规律,对于保证巷道围岩的安全和稳定具有十分重要的意义。通过对软弱泥岩进行常规三轴压缩试验,得到不同围压下的全应力–应变关系曲线,然后依据峰后岩石任意一点应力状态均满足Mohr-Coulomb极限破坏条件的假设,建立以广义黏聚力 和广义内摩擦角 两个状态参数来表征的软弱岩石后继屈服面模型。在此基础上,利用试验数据绘制岩石峰后不同软化状态时的几组莫尔应力圆,通过“切线法”得出莫尔强度包络线的拟合方程,进而确定出不同围压条件下的 和 值,并借助Matlab软件对广义黏聚力 、广义内摩擦角 与等效塑性剪切应变、围压之间的关系进行最小二乘曲面拟合,得出软弱岩石峰后力学参数的软化规律,结果表明：随着围压的增加,广义黏聚力 值呈快速增加的趋势,而广义内摩擦角 值则显著减小;广义黏聚力 受岩石软化程度的影响也十分明显,从岩石峰值状态到残余状态 值迅速降低,平均降低53.88%,而广义内摩擦角 值在该软化过程中则基本保持稳定。最后,将得到的广义黏聚力 和广义内摩擦角 的拟合方程嵌入到FLAC内置应变软化本构关系中,并利用FLAC3D软件对模型的正确性进行数值模拟验证,结果表明数值模拟曲线与试验曲线比较吻合。     

基于ABAQUS的45钢切削有限元仿真研究

基于大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS,通过建立有限元模型,分别模拟了45钢带状切屑形成的动态过程,并分析了切削过程中切削速度、进给率、背吃刀量三要素对切削力的影响规律。     

急倾斜特厚煤层巷道非对称变形机理

针对急倾斜特厚煤层回采巷道出现的非对称变形破坏,采用现场实测、力学建模计算及数值模拟揭示了急倾斜煤层巷道开挖后非对称变形破坏机理,分析了巷道开挖后应力场及塑性区分布特征,提出了可缩性U型钢与非对称性预应力锚杆(索)支护的全新支护加固方案。研究表明:① 巷道非对称破坏表现为坚硬岩层侧帮部沿层理下沉、滑移、内扩,煤体侧帮部挤出帮臌;坚硬岩层侧顶部下沉量大于煤体侧,巷道中轴线偏向煤体侧;② 巷道发生非对称的变形机理为:在非均布载荷的作用下,巷道两侧肩角支座反力的倾角及大小发生变化,坚硬岩层侧支座反力大于煤体侧,倾角为煤体侧大于坚硬岩层侧,坚硬岩层侧帮部在小角度大应力作用下沿层理滑移、下沉、内扩,煤体侧帮部在近乎垂直角度作用力下使帮部煤体挤出帮臌;③ 巷道从坚硬岩层侧向煤体侧弯矩一直增大,剪力呈现为先增大后减小再增大的趋势,且在二次增大时方向改变,方向改变处即为巷道轴线向煤体侧的偏移位置,轴力呈现为抛物线形式的先减小后增大,在非均布载荷作用下的巷道最优合理断面即为“非对称三铰斜拱”;④ 提出可缩性U型钢与非对称性预应力锚杆(索)支护,重点加强巷道煤体侧帮部及坚硬岩层侧顶部支护。