Wave packet enriched finite element for generalized thermoelasticity theories for thermal shock wave problems

A unified enriched finite element (FE) formulation for two generalized thermoelsaticity theories is developed for the transient thermal shock problems in one and two dimensional domains. Both the displacement and temperature field interpolations are enriched with harmonic functions defined in the local element coordinates. The coupled field finite element equations are derived using the generalized Hamilton’s principle and solved directly in time domain using the standard Newmark-β time integration technique as opposed to the transform techniques usually adopted for thermal shock problems. The method is assessed in comparison with the Laplace transform based analytical solutions and FE solutions with dynamic meshing available in the literature. It is shown that the present solution with a static uniform mesh captures the sharp discontinuities in the temperature and displacement fields and the wave properties of heat conduction very accurately, practically eliminating the severe drawbacks of the conventional FE solutions such as the spurious undulations and flattening out, while maintaining better computational e?ciency.     

斜激波与物质界面相互作用的数值模拟

利用多介质PPM方法研究了斜激波与物质交界面的相互作用。采用与体积分数耦合的Euler方程组作为计算模型,用双波近似来求解一般刚性气体状态方程Riemann问题,通过体积分数的计算来获得界面的位置,在整个流场采用统一的高阶PPM格式进行计算。文中对斜激波与不同物质界面相互作用进行了数值模拟,并给出了交界面上由于斜压效应产生的涡列的演化过程,特别是强斜激波与不同物质界面的相互作用情况。     

用于冲击波延时的密度梯度气凝胶飞片靶的制备及表征

本文介绍了一种用于激光状态方程实验冲击波延时的密度梯度气凝胶飞片靶的制备及表征方法。以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,去离子水为溶剂,碳酸钠为催化剂,在溶胶-凝胶工艺的基础上采用逐层凝胶和微模具成型工艺,经过脱模、乙醇替换和真空干燥,制备了4层密度梯度渐变间苯二酚-甲醛（RF）有机气凝胶飞片靶,并使用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线相衬成像仪和比表面积及孔隙分析仪对飞片靶的成分、形貌、密度、层间界面耦合情况及微观结构进行表征。实现了总体厚度约120μm、单层厚度一致、各层均匀性良好且密度变化范围约400～1200mg/cm³的4层密度梯度RF气凝胶飞片靶的制备和表征。     

Full-scale experimental investigation on the shock-wave characteristics of high-pressure natural gas pipeline physical explosions

In this study, a series of full-scale high-pressure natural gas pipeline physical explosion experiments were performed, in which the overpressure of the shock waves was measured and analyzed. The concept of “physical explosion linear energy (PEXLE)” was proposed and a “PEXLE model” was established to evaluate shock waves in a cylindrical pipeline with high length–diameter ratio. Equations were fitted to describe the characteristics of peak overpressure, positive pressure duration and specific impulse. Results showed that peak overpressure of shock waves is not influenced by the length of pipeline. With the increase of the propagation distance, specific impulse first increases and then decreases. This indicates that the position of the maximum value of overpressure does not correspond with that of the specific impulse.     

Transported snapshot model order reduction approach for parametric,steady-state fluid flows containing parameter-dependent shocks

A new model order reduction approach is proposed for parametric steady-state nonlinear fluid flows characterized by shocks and discontinuities whose spatial locations and orientations are strongly parameter dependent. In this method, solutions in the predictive regime are approximated using a linear superposition of parameter-dependent basis. The sought-after parametric reduced bases are obtained by transporting the snapshots in a spatially and parametrically dependent transport field. Key to the proposed approach is the observation that the transport fields are typically smooth and continuous, despite the solution themselves not being so. As a result, the transport fields can be accurately expressed using a low-order polynomial expansion. Similar to traditional projection-based model order reduction approaches, the proposed method is formulated mathematically as a residual minimization problem for the generalized coordinates. The proposed approach is also integrated with well-known hyper-reduction strategies to obtain significant computational speedups. The method is successfully applied to the reduction of a parametric one-dimensional flow in a converging-diverging nozzle, a parametric two-dimensional supersonic flow over a forward-facing step, and a parametric two-dimensional jet diffusion flame in a combustor.     

热休克蛋白对宰后成熟过程中肉品质影响的研究进展

宰后成熟对肉品质的影响是肉品科学领域的研究热点之一,宰后成熟过程中肉发生肌原纤维蛋白的降解,其影响机制还存在学术上的分歧。动物宰后造成的缺血、缺氧环境刺激了热休克蛋白的表达。该类蛋白质因具有分子伴侣、抗细胞凋亡、维持蛋白质结构稳定等作用,因此,热休克蛋白对宰后成熟过程中肉品质产生一定影响。目前,热休克蛋白尤其是小热休克蛋白对肉品质的影响国内外均已有报道,但结论并不一致。文中主要介绍了几种重要的热休克蛋白分子结构特征和功能,并进一步论述了热休克蛋白与宰后成熟过程中肉色、嫩度、保水性之间均存在一定的关系。      

敷设声学覆盖层的板架结构抗冲击性能数值计算研究

为提高潜艇的隐身性能,通常在潜艇非耐压壳板外表面敷设消声瓦,在耐压壳体的外表面敷设隔声去耦瓦,在耐压壳体内表面敷设"阻尼层"(以上三种结构统称为多种声学覆盖层);由于声学覆盖层含有空腔的特殊结构形式,该空腔结构形式在受到爆炸冲击波时,腔体将产生变形并吸收能量,这将严重影响潜艇的抗冲击性能。因此,针对敷设声学覆盖层的板架结构的吸能性能进行研究,找出了覆盖层空腔结构变形、速度及加速度与冲击波能量吸收之间的关系,得到敷设声学覆盖层板架结构的抗冲性能;并对声学覆盖层结构进行优化,在此基础上,给出兼具抗冲和隔振功能的声学覆盖层结构设计及性能参数的优化建议。     

TC4钛合金选区激光熔化与层间激光冲击强化复合工艺

目的 改善激光选区熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)工艺成形的TC4合金的内部缺陷,提高疲劳寿命。方法 选用TC4钛合金为研究对象,提出了SLM结合层间激光冲击(3D-Laser Shock Peening,3D-LSP)与热处理的强化工艺,对复合制造工艺下的微观组织、内部缺陷和力学性能演变进行了研究,并建立了复合强化工艺制造样品的疲劳寿命模型。结果 在激光冲击影响区域内形成了0.2 mm深度的高幅值残余压应力,并在1 mm深度范围内改善了应力场,且显微硬度得到了提升,内部缺陷数量减少了36%,疲劳寿命提升了40%以上。结论 实现了SLM增材制造TC4钛合金的缺陷在线闭合、微观组织改性和疲劳寿命的提升,揭示了层间激光冲击对内部缺陷的闭合机理,为金属SLM复合增材制造的研究与应用奠定了理论基础。     

响水化工厂爆炸TNT当量估算

为了使人们更清楚地了解爆炸的危险性,需要对爆炸事件的TNT当量进行计算,以2019·响水化工厂爆炸事件为例,对该爆炸事件的TNT当量进行了估算。在分析此次爆炸原因的同时,对比分析了多种TNT当量的计算方法,确定此次爆炸事故以建筑物的破坏程度计算TNT当量。根据爆炸事故现场建筑物的破坏情况,先确定出在爆炸周边不同距离处空气冲击波的超压范围,再运用萨道夫斯基公式计算出不同距离处不同TNT当量炸药爆炸产生的空气冲击波超压,将计算值与确定出的空气冲击波超压范围值进行对比,最终确定出爆炸事故的TNT当量。估算此次爆炸事故的TNT当量在400～500 t。