Short communication: Risk factors for sonographically detectable udder edema in overbagged cows at dairy shows

At dairy cow shows, the appearance of the udder is very important. To show cows at their best, udders are often presented in an overbagged state by extending milking intervals before the show. This practice represents an animal welfare issue because it is associated with behavior changes (e.g., excessive abduction and decreased eating time) and may affect the health of the animal. The aim of the current study was to determine the association between various parameters (e.g., milk yield, days in milk, milking procedures, or administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, or diuretics) and the sonographically detectable udder edema score. Data were collected from the show catalogs, by interviewing the exhibitors, by analyzing official veterinary treatment protocols and official milking data, via laboratory analysis of blood samples, and by sonographic examinations of the udders at the show. For sonographically detectable udder edema scoring, 3 scans were taken, 1 on each fore quarter and 1 incorporating both rear quarters at the level of the median suspensory ligament. For grading the scans, a scoring system of 4 grades (score 0 = no edema, 1 = slight edema, 2 = moderate edema, 3 = severe edema) was used. Data from 321 cows of different breeds were collected at 4 highly competitive Swiss dairy shows (shows A–D) between January and September 2017. To determine risk factors for sonographically detectable udder edema, data were analyzed with 2 different logistic regression models. In model 1, the odds ratios were 3.33 (milking intervals of ≥16 h vs. <14 h), 3.84 (show A vs. show C), and 7.39 (dairy breeds vs. dual-purpose breeds). Milking intervals of dairy breeds were significantly higher than those of dual-purpose breeds. In model 2, milking interval was the only significant risk factor with an odds ratio of 9.00 for milking intervals of ≥16 h. Only the milking intervals represented a relevant risk factor in both models; therefore, we concluded that the previously described sonographic udder edema scoring is a useful technique for detecting overbagged udders at dairy shows. Its routine implementation may improve cow welfare at dairy shows.     

电阻点焊的单片机控制器研究

研究了AT89C51单片机控制电阻点焊过程，键盘控制输入参数，LED动态显示的新型控制装置。详细介绍了该控制器硬件和软件设计。采用谊控制器可改善焊接循环，提高焊接电流和焊接时间的控制精度，工作性能稳定，程序编制灵活。试验表明．其性能稳定可靠，并具备进一步扩展、开发的能力。     

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CALCULATION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR DESIGN OF BEAM ＆ SLIDE-REST GUIDEWAYS IN HEAVY DUTY CNC VERTICAL TURNING MILL

Aiming at the approximate error of commonly used methods on calculation of hydrostatic pressures of closed hydrostatic guideways with multiple pockets, a more accurate solution is proposed. Taking design of beam & slide-rest guideways for a heavy duty CNC vertical turning mill as an example, under an assumption that stiffnesses of guideways and their jointing structure are sufficiently large, the pressures of the pockets can be attained by adding a co-planarity equation that con strains pocket centers. Then, an optimization model is built to minimize the highest pocket pressure under additional constraints that are posed on the highest seal margin pressure, the highest levitating pressure of the pockets, and the maximum deformation of the guideways. The optimization problem is solved sequentially by using the methods of design of experiments and adaptive simulated annealing on iSIGHT software platform. The results show significant improvements to the original design. Optimized maximum hydrostatic pressure meets the requirement of hydraulic system.     

岩溶洞穴旅游开发对生态环境影响分析——以巴马水晶宫为例

为了揭示岩溶洞穴旅游开发对洞穴生态环境的影响,对巴马水晶宫开发前后水环境、气环境、土岩环境、动植物等进行对比调查,发现洞穴在开发后：洞穴流水、滴水、池水数量点减少,水中pH值降低,HCO3-、SO42-、Ca2＋增加;洞穴温度升高、湿度降低,CO2浓度增加,空气负离子浓度减小;洞穴土岩部分被开挖、切割、覆盖,部分钟乳石脱皮掉块,砂状风化,变黑变暗;洞中蝙蝠、斑灶马、蜘蛛数量减少,大蚊增加,且洞内多处滋生藻类、苔藓、蕨类等低等灯光植物。针对上述变化规律,提出有利于洞穴生态环境保护的相关措施,为科学合理保护开发旅游洞穴提供参考。     

时装表演的音乐选配

时装表演中音乐的选配至关重要,需要与展示的服装及模特的表演融会贯通,才能完美准确地诠释服装。音乐的风格、节奏和音效是选配与服装相适应的时装表演音乐的三要素。     

CAPTURE EFFECT OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS IN FLOW FIELD

According to the results of experiments and theoretical analysis,a phenomenon called “capture effect” is put forward,which could be used to describe the particles dynamic behavior of electrorheological (ER) suspensions. Then a “structure-force” mathematical model is established to explain this effect based on electrostatic energy density equation. The analysis results show that the dynamic coupling process of ER suspensions under an external electric filed is the function not only of the electric intensity,but also of the dielectric properties and the structure form.     

基于Unity的虚拟服装走秀系统设计与实现

针对传统服装走秀只能通过单一角度欣赏的不足,本文基于Unity和VR头盔开发了可以实现360度展示的虚拟服装走秀系统,设计了自适应性走秀路线选择算法和表演动作切换算法。经测试,该系统能系统地管理走秀信息、展示走秀过程,为观众提供了全方位的观看角度,实现了较好的第一视角浸入式观看效果。     

Development of Dual-light Path Monitoring System of Optical Thin-film Thickness

The accurate monitoring of optical thin-film thickness is a key technique for depositing optical thin-film. For existing coating equipments, which are low precision and automation level on monitoring thin-film thickness, a new photoelectric control and analysis system has been developed. In the new system, main techniques include a photoelectric system with dual-light path, a dual-lock-phase circuit system and a comprehensive digital processing-control-analysis system. The test results of new system show that the static and dynamic stabilities and the control precision of thin-fihn thickness are extremely increased. The standard deviation of thin-film thickness, which indicates the duplication of thin-film thick-ness monitoring, is equal to or less than 0.72%. The display resolution limit on reflectivity is 0.02%. In the system, the linearity of drift is very high, and the static drift ratio approaches zero.     

盲目建造高架现象的经济分析以及国内外对比

首先提出了国内有些城市盲目建造高架桥的现象,并对高架建设带来的利弊进行了分析,指出了这些城市盲目建造高架的动机和原因,以及高架和道路建设的需求预测方法。之后,通过国内外高架建设状况的对比分析,得出发展中国家由于经济发展水平还比不上发达国家,而建造高架相对成本较低,所以建设高架还存在一定的必要性。但是不能盲目建造高架,还要考虑到很多因素。最后提出了一些对策和政策建议。     

业务规则管理系统在信贷管理系统中的应用研究

本文在分析了业务规则管理重要性的基础上,在信贷管理系统中利用业务规则管理软件ILog JRules进行规则开发,并就业务规则开发在信贷管理系统中的权限分层、规则复用、机构分级展示等关键技术进行了研究,业务规则管理软件的引入极大的缩短了开发周期,提高了业务响应速度。