4-氰基苯甲酸酐的合成

以偏苯三甲酸酐和氯化亚砜为原料 ,其摩尔比为 1:1 2 ,在回流状态下首先合成中间体 4 -氯甲酰基苯甲酸酐Ⅱ ,产率可达 98%。Ⅱ经过胺化、减压脱水制得 4 -氰基苯甲酸酐 ,其沸点为 175～ 180 C/ 0 2 6KPa ,各反应物摩尔比为n (Ⅱ ) :n (NH3 ) :n (P2 O5) =1 0 :4 7:2 1。通过红外分析、1H -NMR分析及元素分析证明 ,所得到的化合物即为目标物。     

On the monotonicity of (LDL) logic programs with set

LDL is one of the recently proposed logical query languages, which incorporate set, for data and knowledge base systems. Since LDL programs can simulate negation, they are not monotonic in general. On the other hand, there are monotonic LDL programs. This paper addresses the natural question of “When are the generally nonmonotonic LDL programs monotonic?” and investigates related topics such as useful applications for monotonicity. We discuss four kinds of monotonicity, and examine two of them in depth. The first of the two, called “ω-monotonicity”, is shown to be undecidable even when limited to single-stratum programs. The second, called “uniform monotonicity”, is shown to implyω-monotonicity. We characterize the uniform monotonicity of a program (i) by a relationship between its Bancilhon-Khoshafian semantics and its LDL semantics, and (ii) with a useful property called subset completion independence. Characterization (ii) implies that uniformly monotonie programs can be evaluated more efficiently by discarding dominated facts. Finally, we provide some necessary and/or sufficient, syntactic conditions for uniform monotonicity. The conditions pinpoint (a) enumerated set terms, (b) negations of membership and inclusion, and (c) sharing of set terms as the main source for nonuniform monotonicity.     

硫酸生产中内喷文氏管的设计

从分析内喷文氏管喷头旋流特征入手 ,建立有关数学模型或表达式 ,提出对内喷文氏管喷头、收缩管支管内径、喷嘴与喉管距离进行设计的方法 ,并对设计中值得注意的问题进行理论和实践上的讨论。     

钢筋混凝土烟囱有井架整体爬模施工技术

本文主要 根 据三 明 钢铁 厂130m~2 烧 结机 改造 工 程 60m 和 100m 烟 囱 的施 工实 例 ,详 细介 绍 了钢 筋 混凝 土烟 囱 有井架 整 体爬 模的 施 工新 方 法,并 取 得了 良好 的 效果 。     

Water‐soluble/dispersible cationic pressure‐sensitive adhesives. I. Adhesives from solution polymerization

Pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) have long been a problem as sticky contaminants for paper recycling mills. The main problem associated with such stickies is that the PSAs in the waste papers deposit on the felts, press rolls, and drying cylinders of paper machines, and this creates problems with paper formation, reducing the paper quality and paper machine runnability. The annual cost of stickies to the U.S. paper industry is estimated to be about $600,000,000–650,000,000. To solve this problem, a series of cationic water‐soluble/dispersible PSAs have been synthesized by the free‐radical solution polymerization of butyl acrylate and [3‐(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride in ethanol. The PSA end‐use properties, repulpability in paper recycling, and the effects on the properties of recycled paper products have been studied. The cationic PSAs can be dissolved or dispersed in water if the cationic charge density in the PSA backbone is controlled, and so they do not deposit as stickies during recycling and papermaking processes. Because the PSAs are cationically charged, they can easily be removed from the papermaking system by adsorption onto the negatively charged fibers and fine surfaces. Furthermore, the adsorbed colloidal or dissolved PSAs have little effect on the final paper properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1624–1630, 2003     

Theoretical Analysis of the Fiber Pullout and Pushout Tests

The fiber pullout and pushout tests have been analyzed to predict the load-displacement behavior in terms of fiber/matrix interface parameters. The effects of residual axial strain in the fiber and fiber surface topography were included. The residual axial strain was found to be a significant parameter. It is shown that the interface failure can be progressive or catastrophic. In the case of a progressive failure of the interface, the load-displacement curve is nonlinear. The portion of the curve from above the first nonlinearity to near the peak load can be predicted in terms of parameters of the interface, viz., the friction coefficient, the radial stress at the interface, the fracture toughness of the interface, and the residual axial strain in the fiber. Values for these parameters can be obtained from a single loaddeflection curve. The peak load and load drop, which are usually reported, are found not to be directly relatable to any interface property, since the length of the last portion of the fiber to debond is influenced by end effects and hence not easily predicted. However, for data which describe the peak load as a function of initial embedded length, that factor can be eliminated and the data reduced to yield the relevant interface parameters. In pullout, the peak and friction loads saturate with large specimen thickness. Catastrophic failure is favored when the debond initiation load is high or when residual stress is low. Finally, a methodology to extract interface parameters from experimental data is suggested.     

Oxygen Tracer Diffusion in Vitreous Silica

Oxygen diffusion in vitreous silica glass is studied using the gas exchange technique. The tracer concentration profiles are consistent with a model based on two mechanisms, one network and the other interstitial. These processes are coupled through limited network–interstitial exchange. Nuclear reaction analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques are performed and compared. These results are compared to experiments on transport in thin silica films grown on single-crystal silicon.     

Works of adhesion at the carbon fiber-liquid interface determined using a modified wetting technique

Works of adhesion W_SL between aqueous solutions with pH values in the range from 1 to 14 and carbon fibers from different sources, which were additionally treated in an inert atmosphere or in oxygen, were measured by use of a microbalance. These works of adhesion W_SL were found to show distinct stepwise dependencies on the pH value. The works of adhesion W_SL are attributed to dispersion interactions W_SL¹ and various acid-base interactions w_sl^ab—in the latter case between the acidic and basic surface groups of carbon and the various basic and acidic aqueous solutions.     

岳飞《满江红》爱国情结的当代审视

岳飞《满江红》词在中国诗歌史上享誉千古,其豪迈壮烈的艺术张力和悲壮的魅力,震撼并感染了无数国人,铸就了一代代中华儿女的爱国情怀。作为爱国诗篇,其爱国情结与忠君理念相伴共生,今天我们对之作当代审视和解读,应突破狭隘的爱国范畴,将其升华为中华复兴的精神动力。     

无基坑轨道衡的研究

本文对无基坑轨道衡的开发与研制,进行了可行性研究。