LOW TEMPERATURE MUSHROOM (A. bisporus) DRYING WITH DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIERS

ABSTRACT

Cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) slices of 2·5 and 5 mm thick were dried with dehumidified air at 20°, 30° and 40°C. Rehydration ability of dried mushrooms was used as criteria for the evaluation and determination of optimum conditions. Drying mechanism of the mushroom slices was expressed by unsteady state diffusion and the results were interpreted by Fickian model. Drying temperatures lower than 40°C promoted the production of light coloured mushrooms with high rehydration ratios. Diffusivity constants were in the range of 2·6?12×l0^-11 m²/s and the activation energies varied in the range of 23·5?30·3 kJ/gmol depending on the temperature and sample thickness.     

Separate Bleaching of Pulp Fractions Enriched in Earlywood and Latewood Fibers

Abstract

Unbleached softwood kraft pulp was fractionated in hydrocyclones into a fine fraction, enriched in earlywood fibers, and a coarse fraction, enriched in latewood fibers. The response to individual bleaching chemicals and the bleachability in bleaching sequences of the pulp fractions was studied.

The light absorption coefficient, light scattering coeffient, and brightness were higher in the unbleached fine fraction than in the coarse fraction. Hydrogen peroxide managed to reduce the light absorption coefficient of the earlywood enriched fine fraction more efficiently than that of the latewood enriched fraction.

In the TCF‐sequence the light absorption coefficient of the fine fraction was reduced to the level of the coarse fraction at a given consumption of bleaching chemicals. In the ECF‐sequence the difference in light absorption coefficient remained between the fractions. At a given consumption of bleaching chemicals, the fine fraction had higher brightness than the coarse fraction, 2%‐ and 1%‐units on the ISO‐scale in the TCF and ECF bleaching sequence, respectively.     

COMPARISON OF TWO ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AZAARENES IN ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER

In this paper, the development of an analytical method for the separation and quantification of 20 azaarenes is described. Two methods are compared: high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-fluorescence) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS).

Although HPLC-fluorescence was proven to be the most sensitive method, GC-MS was selected in particular for the efficiency of the separation of the 20 azaarenes. The detection limits of the HPLC-fluorescence and GC-MS methods varied between 0.04 μ g.L^?1 (dibenz[a,c]acridine) and 1.30 μ g.L ^?1 (acridine) and between 1.50 μ g.L ^?1 (benz[c]acridine) and 2.56 μ g.L ^?1 (dibenz[a,c]acridine) respectively.

The GC-MS method was applied to particulate matter (PM ₁₀ ) samples collected over 48–72 h periods between April 2006 and February 2007 in Strasbourg (East of France). Before analysis aerosol samples were Soxhlet extracted and concentrated to a final volume of about 1 mL of hexane.

The seasonally mean concentrations of all azaarenes for this urban site have shown a seasonal variation in which the maximum concentration occurred in the winter (6.0 ng.m ³ ) and the minimum in the summer (0.90 ng.m³). For all the seasons the 2 rings species were the predominant azaarenes while the > 4 rings species were the less abundant.     

CeO2的添加对MnOx/ACFN催化剂脱除NOx性能影响

以经过硝酸改性后的活性炭纤维（ACFN）为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了MnOx/ACFN催化剂。测试了其在以氨气为还原剂的低温选择性催化还原（SCR）过程中的催化活性,并考察了活性组分MnOx的负载量、金属氧化物CeO2的复合负载方法及负载量对催化剂脱硝活性的影响。同时运用XRD和SEM对催化剂理化特性进行表征。结果表明,采用共沉淀法添加CeO2、总负载量为15%、且铈与锰的物质的量比为3∶2、反应温度为200 ℃时,催化剂的活性最高,对NOx的去除率达到92.2%。     

超级电容器碳基材料研究的进展

超级电容器是一种介于传统电容器和蓄电池之间的储能装置,其以功率密度大,充电速度快,工作温度范围宽,循环使用寿命长和绿色环保等优点,被世界各国广泛关注。通过对超级电容器新型碳电极材料的最新研究进展进行介绍,展望了超级电容器的发展前景,认为超级电容器将不仅对全球性能源问题有着重大突破,还将会带来巨大的经济效益。     

高效液相色谱质谱联用鉴别口服疫苗中硫柳汞降解产物

目的采用高效液相色谱质谱联用的方法鉴别口服疫苗中硫柳汞的降解产物。方法采用C18色谱柱,甲醇-醋酸铵缓冲溶液(pH 4.5)梯度洗脱,以紫外和质谱检测器进行检测,对某口服疫苗中的未知色谱峰进行鉴别。结果疫苗样品中两个色谱峰的保留时间及其一级二级质谱图与硫柳汞的降解产物硫代水杨酸以及2,2’-二硫代二苯甲酸基本一致。结论高效液相色谱质谱联用可鉴别口服疫苗中的硫柳汞降解产物。     

炉顶MN管导烟车的应用效果

引进了炉顶MN管导烟车及机侧炉门密封装置,利用高压氨水的高速喷射在桥管内形成局部负压,使装煤产生的荒煤气在负压作用下抽入集气管,进行回收利用,解决了炉头和炉顶烟气外逸的问题,具有较好的环保和经济效益。     

气凝胶制备的干燥技术

气凝胶是一种新型轻质的三维纳米多孔固态材料,由于其独特的物理化学性能,在许多领域存在潜在的应用价值而备受关注。本文简要介绍了湿凝胶的干燥理论和气凝胶的超临界干燥制备技术,评析了气凝胶的亚临界干燥、常压干燥、常压阶梯干燥及真空冷冻干燥等非超临界干燥制备技术。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定豆芽中6-苄氨基嘌呤方法的研究

建立了豆芽中的6-苄氨基嘌呤的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）定量定性分析方法.样品经酸化甲醇2次提取后,在高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪（HPLC-MS/MS）选择反应监测（MRM）模式下测定.采用质谱定性,外标法定量.色谱柱为资生堂MGⅡ-C18（5μm2.1 mm ×150mm）色谱柱,以0.1％甲酸水-0.1％甲酸甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min.在优化的实验条件下,得到了较宽的线性范围和较低的定量检出限：线性范围为0.1～20.0μg/L,线性相关系数在0.999以上,定量限为：7.3 μg/kg.方法的回收率和重现性较好,回收率为98.3％～106.9％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.16％～3.56％之间.该方法操作简单高效、灵敏度高、结果准确可靠,可应于豆芽中6-苄氨基嘌呤的定量及确证分析.     

Characterization and Electrical Properties of Some Hydrochloric Acid-Doped Aniline and 2-Amino-Pyridine Homopolymers and Copolymers

The synthesis of (group I) hydrochloric acid-doped poly(aniline-co-toluidine), poly(aniline-co-thiophene), poly(aniline-co-o-phenylenediamine), and poly(aniline-co-2-aminopyridine) as well as their hydrochloric acid-doped homopolymers of polyaniline, poly-m-toluidine, poly-o-phenylene diamine, and poly-2-aminopyridine and the synthesis of (group II) hydrochloric acid-doped poly (2-aminopyridine-co-o-phenylene diamine) and its hydrochloric acid-doped homopolymers of poly 2-amino pyridine and poly-o-phenylene diamine have been carried out via a chemical oxidation process using ammonium and potassium persulphate as chemical initiators. The synthesized homo- and copolymers were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and thermal analysis. The variation of the electrical conductivity (σ, S cm^?1) with the reciprocal of the absolute temperature (1000/T, K) at different frequencies (1–1000 kHz) for hydrochloric acid homopolymers and copolymers is illustrated.