Issues of commercial optimization software development

Commercial optimization software development has a different set of goals and constraints than the development of academic or industrial research codes. Commercial codes must be all things to all people. They must contain a wide range of analysis options and be able to handle large, real world, industrial analysis models. As most of the users of the software in industry come from analysis, rather than design optimization backgrounds, the codes must perform in a robust manner. Inconsistent input data must be detected. Optimization methods must be automatically chosen by the program. Optimization parameters need to be adjusted automatically by the program. Another very important aspect is ease of use. A very intuitive and easy to use GUI (Graphical User Interface) should be developed. This work describes some of the development objectives and concerns that are essential to the development of commercial optimization software products. Received December 30, 2000     

上胶机微机控制系统的研制

描述了用8031单片机对国产上胶机控制系统进行改造的硬件和软件设计以及采取的控制方法。信号的采集、滑差电动机的控制、干扰的抑制、防抖动与防溢出的处理、数字滤波和快速动态调节等措施、保证了系统能够安全可靠地工作。上胶机微机控制系统已投入现场运行。     

试论橡胶压浆辊的“膨胀过浆”

浆纱机的橡胶压浆辊,不论是微孔辊还是光面辊都不同程度地存在“膨胀过浆”。本文在调查国产和进口浆纱机压浆辊的基础上,分析了该问题的成因,提出改变传统压浆辊的铁芯结构,改进压浆辊的配方设计,改变压浆辊的加压方式,上浆辊用橡胶包复,改变压浆辊的出纱角度,加强压浆辊的维护保养等措施。     

造纸用新型材料——AKD中性施胶剂乳液的研究

本文介绍一种中性施胶剂AKD合成实验,同时对AKD的乳液的制备进行了研究。并给出了工业化生产流程及在造纸工业中的应用条件。     

机器人视觉伺服系统的标定

机器人视觉伺服系统是机器人领域一项重要的研究方向,它的研究对于开发手眼协调的机器人在工业生产、航空航天等方面的应用有着重要的意义。本文针对机器人视觉伺服系统的特点,对典型的标定算法进行了分类和比较,最后对标定方法进行了总结。     

SP侧压过程中板坯变形的理论分析

对SP侧压过程中板坯的塑性变形情况,及板坯尾部的失稳弯曲进行了理论分析。     

反常衍射近似在测量圆柱形粒子粒径分布中的应用

在光全散射法颗粒粒径测量中,基于米氏(Mie)理论的计算方法只能求出均匀球形粒子的消光系数,而且计算复杂。通过反常衍射近似(ADA)代替米消光系数,可以简化粒径分布的反演过程。对使用反常衍射近似方法计算圆柱形粒子消光系数的可行性以及限制条件进行深入的研究,并在非独立模式算法下,采用遗传算法反演粒径分布。仿真结果表明,当粒子的相对折射率在一定范围内时,利用反常衍射近似反演圆柱形粒子的粒径分布是完全可行的,反演结果稳定、可靠。对消光值测量结果加入3％相对误差时,反演误差为5．7％。该方法具有简单、直观、计算速度快等优点,适合颗粒粒径的在线测量。     

Economic ordering policy for an item with imperfect quality subject to the in-house inspection

This article considers a production/inventory system where each lot of items received or produced contains a random proportion of defective units, items of imperfect quality. The purchaser contacts a 100% inspection in order to identify the perfect (acceptable) quality items. The model examines the following two options for the imperfect quality items: sell them to a secondary market, as a single batch and at a price lower to that of new ones, or rework them at some cost and then use them as new ones to satisfy demand. After inspection, the good quality items are sent to the working inventory warehouse in batches of equal size. For both of these cases, the optimal ordering lot size and the optimal number of batches are obtained. A numerical example illustrates the solution procedure and sensitivity analysis results are reported.     

Optimal lot sizing with maintenance actions and imperfect production processes

Porteus (1986) explored an economic order quantity model with imperfect production processes that the approximate lot size is derived. Basically, he dealt with the lot size problem is rather meaningful. However, for mathematical simplicity, he adopted a truncated Taylor series expansion to present the approximate expected total cost function that results in overvalue of expected total cost. In this paper, we extend Porteus (1986) to present the optimal lot size model for defective items with a constant probability when the system is out-of-control and taking the maintenance cost into account. We show that there exists a unique optimal lot size such that the expected total cost is minimised. In addition, the bounds of optimal lot size are provided to develop the solution procedure. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results and compare optimal solutions obtained by using our approach and Porteus's approach. Numerical results show that our approach is better.     

The role of anthropometry in designing for sustainability

An understanding of human factors and ergonomics facilitates the design of artefacts, tasks and environments that fulfil their users’ physical and cognitive requirements. Research in these fields furthers the goal of efficiently accommodating the desired percentage of user populations through enhanced awareness and modelling of human variability. Design for sustainability (DfS) allows for these concepts to be leveraged in the broader context of designing to minimise negative impacts on the environment. This paper focuses on anthropometry and proposes three ways in which its consideration is relevant to DfS: reducing raw material consumption, increasing usage lifetimes and ethical human resource considerations. This is demonstrated through the application of anthropometry synthesis, virtual fitting, and sizing and adjustability allocation methods in the design of an industrial workstation seat for use in five distinct global populations. This work highlights the importance of and opportunities for using ergonomic design principles in DfS efforts.

Practitioner Summary: This research demonstrates the relevance of some anthropometry-based ergonomics concepts to the field of design for sustainability. A global design case study leverages human variability considerations in furthering three sustainable design goals: reducing raw material consumption, increasing usage lifetimes and incorporating ethical human resource considerations in design.