Synthesis and characterization of LiNi0.45Co0.10Mn0.45O2 cathode for lithium ion batteries

1INTRODUCTIONAdvanced rechargeable lithium ion batteriesare attractive for use in consumer electronic andelectric vehicle(EV)application because of a fa-vorable combination of voltage,energy density,cycling performance,and have been developed rap-idly worldwide during the past decade[1,2].LiCoO2has been widely used as a cathode material in com-mercial lithiumion battery because it is reasonableeasy to synthesize and shows a stable discharge ca-pacity[3].But due to its high cost and toxic…     

钴酸锂的再生及其电化学性能

采用提取的含少量Co3O4的LiCoO2为原料,在不同温度下合成正极材料LiCoO2,烧结时间为12 h,并采用XRD和SEM技术研究合成的LiCoO2的晶相结构与微观形貌。结果发现:烧结温度对LiCoO2的晶体结构影响较大,烧结温度越高,LiCoO2的层状结构发育越完整。循环伏安曲线很好地反映了再生LiCoO2的脱/嵌锂行为。将LiCoO2样品做成电池进行电化学检测,结果发现,烧结温度为850℃的样品首次放电容量为151mA.h/g,30次循环之后,放电容量仍有141mA.h/g,表现出良好的电化学性能。     

Gd0.8Sr0.2CoO3阴极的甘氨酸-硝酸盐法制备及性能研究

为探索适于中温条件下使用的固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极材料,用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法(GNP法)制备了Gd0.8Sr0.2CoO3(GSC)阴极粉体,用X-ray衍射考察了GSC的成相温度.采用丝网印刷法将GSC沉积在(Sm2O3)0.2(CeO2)0.8(SDC)圆片上,制成对称阴极,在不同温度下烧结.用交流阻抗谱从500℃到750℃测量了GSC阴极和SDC电解质之间的界面电阻.结果表明,用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法制备的GSC粉体的成相温度比传统固相法降低了400℃～500℃;700℃时,GSC阴极的界面电阻仅为0.26 Ω·cm2.     

导流槽阴极导杆安装方式对阴极表面电流分布的影响

将某厂现有的160kA Hall—Heroult铝电解槽改造成导流槽后，在阴极上表面和阳极底面呈斜坡状的条件下，计算了采用不同阴极导杆安装方式时阴极的电位和电流分布，即通过建立导流槽内部从阳极到阴极的一个半切片电热场模型，用有限元法分别对水平和平行于阴极斜坡两种不同导流槽阴极导杆的安装方式下阴极电位和表面电流密度分布进行了计算。结果表明，不同的阴极导杆安装方法对导流槽阴极的总电位降大小没有明显影响，但是水平阴极导杆安装更有利于阴极表面电流密度的均匀分布。     

高密度锂离子电池正极复合材料LiFePO4/C

以FeC2O4-2H2O、NH4H2PO4、Li2CO3和乙炔黑为原料,采用两步固相反应法制备了高密度LiFePO4/C正极复合材料.利用差热(DSC),热重(TGA)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段具体探讨了第一步固相反应中可能存在的反应过程和中间产物.利用扫描电镜表征了复合材料LiFePO4/C中LiFePO4微粒形貌和接触状态.结果表明,乙炔黑的含量是影响LiFePO4微粒尺寸和微粒间接触界面的重要因素.在一次热处理的基础上,二次球磨和烧结有利于第二次固相反应过程中反应物质的接触和传质,较一步固相法提高了生成的LiFePO4的振实密度.当乙炔黑的含量(质量分数)为0.1%～1.5%时,两步固相法所制正极材料LiFePO4/C的振实密度可达到1.7 g/cm3,初次放电容量达到105 mA.h/g.     

Synthesis and characterization of La0.8Sr0.2MO3−δ (M=Mn, Fe, or Co) cathode materials by induction plasma technology

In this work, nanopowders of perovskite cathode materials (La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3−δ, La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO_3−δ, and La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO_3−δ), for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), were successfully synthesized, using induction plasma techniques. Their compositions, structures, morphology, particle size distributions, and BET specific surface areas were determined for comparison with their counterparts prepared by the Pechini method and by the glycine-nitrate combustion (GNC) technique. The particle sizes of the plasma-synthesized powders are mostly around 63 nm. These plasma-synthesized powders are generally globular, their BET specific surface areas being about 26 m²g⁻¹, approximately twice those of powders prepared by the GNC and Pechini methods. These plasma-synthesized powders are readily reproducible and are not agglomerated. Their individual particle sizes and distributions are very independent of their composition.     

网状阴极法在碳钢表面沉积氮化钽薄膜的研究

介绍了一种在钢铁基体上制备氮化钽薄膜的新方法———网状阴极法。其设备简单、价格低廉。实验中发现 ,在工艺参数调配合适的条件下 ,可制备出结构为面心立方和密排六方结构的氮化钽薄膜。薄膜较致密且均匀 ,与基体结合良好。分析了优选工艺参数条件下合成的氮化钽膜的成分、组织、表面和断口形貌及结合力。     

6T51高频加热电子管用碳化La2O3—Mo阴极的研究

研究了应用于6T51发射管中的碳化La2O3-Mo阴极的制作工艺及电子发射性能，在碳化钍钨阴极的实践基础上，实现了La2O3-Mo阴极的碳化以及碳化La2O3-Mo阴极6T51管的去气和阴极激活。对比碳化钍钨阴极，分析了碳化La2O3-Mo阴极6T51管的发射能力，认为目前碳化La2O3-Mo阴极研究的发射量最高水平只达到钝钨阴极的下限值，还不具备取代碳化Th-W阴极的条件，由于碳化Th-W阴极6T51管设计时所选取的阴极发射能力富余量相当大，经过严格的去气，老练处理，碳化La2O3-Mo阴极基本上满足6T51测试的要求，但其发射稳定性不好，发射寿命也不容易掌握，论述了La元素消耗或碳化层消耗是两个影响碳化La2O3-Mo阴极发射稳定性的因素。     

Materials for global carbon dioxide recycling

CO₂ emissions, which induce global warming, increase with the development of economic activity. It is impossible to decrease the CO₂ emissions by suppression of the economic activity. Global CO₂ recycling can solve this problem. The global CO₂ recycling consists of three district: The electricity is generated by solar cells on deserts. At desert coasts, the electricity is used for H₂ production by seawater electrolysis and H₂ is used for CH₄ production by the reaction with CO₂. CH₄ which is the main component of liquefied natural gas is liquefied and transported to energy consuming districts where CO₂ is recovered, liquefied and transported to the desert coasts. A CO₂ recycling plant for substantiation of our idea has been built on the roof of the Institute for Materials Research in 1996. Key materials necessary for the global CO₂ recycling are the anode and cathode for seawater electrolysis and the catalyst for CO₂ conversion. All of them have been tailored by us. They have very high activity and selectivity for necessary reactions in addition to excellent durability. A pilot plant consisting of minimum units in an industrial scale is going to be built in three years.     

La2O3-Gd2O3-Mo secondary emission material

A new kind of materials La2O3-Gd2O3-Mo has been produced by powder metallurgy method.The composition and microstructure of the material were studied by XRD and SEM.It shows that no chemical reaction takes place among La2O3,Gd2O3,Mo and the rare earth oxides exist along molybdenum grain boundaries and in the pores.The emission property measurement results of this material show that adding rare earth oxide into molybdenum can improve the secondary emission coefficient of the emitter,and the emission property depends on the activation temperature.After La2O3-Gd2O3-Mo was activated at 1360℃,the maximum secondary emission coefficient can be high to 2.62,which has exceeded that for practical uses(2.0).