Synchronous Tailoring Surface Structure and Chemical Composition of Li‐Rich–Layered Oxide for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Li‐rich–layered oxide is considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials for high‐energy lithium ion batteries. However, it suffers from poor rate capability, capacity loss, and voltage decay upon cycling that limits its utilization in practical applications. Surface properties of Li‐rich–layered oxide play a critical role in the function of batteries. Herein, a novel and successful strategy for synchronous tailoring surface structure and chemical composition of Li‐rich–layered oxide is proposed. Poor nickel content on the surface of carbonate precursor is initially prepared by a facile treatment of NH₃·H₂O, which can retain at a certain low amount on the surface in the final lithiated Li‐rich–layered oxide after a solid‐phase reaction process. Moreover, a phase‐gradient outer layer with “layered‐coexisting phase‐spinel” structure toward to the outside surface is self‐induced and formed synchronously based on poor nickel surface of the precursor. Electrochemical tests reveal this unique surface enables excellent cycling stability, improved rate capability, and slight voltage decay of cathodes. The finding here sheds light on a universal principle both for masterly tailoring surface structure and chemical composition at the same time for improving electrochemical performance of electrode materials.     

An ultrafast synthesis method of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes by flash/field‐assisted sintering

LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ as a promising cathode material in lithium‐ion batteries was synthesized by flash/field‐assisted sintering technique for the first time. This study showed that the current‐limited synthesis of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ could be carried out at temperatures less than 400°C for only 8 minutes, compared with the conventional pressureless sintering at 850°C for 12 hours. X‐ray diffraction results showed the phase evolution from precursor mixtures to the final LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ products during flash/field‐assisted sintering process and a well‐layered structure without undesirable cation mixing in the as‐formed LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. Combined with the lowered sintering temperatures and reduced sintering time, the excellent electrochemical performance of flash/field‐assisted sintered LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ materials suggested that this technique could be an energy‐efficient approach for the synthesis of lithium‐ion battery cathode materials and other materials requiring high‐temperature heat treatment.     

V2O5/Graphene复合电极材料的制备与储锂性能

采用简便的溶胶凝胶法制备了V2O5/石墨烯复合电极材料。利用SEM、XRD、Raman和TGA表征了样品的微观结构,以V2O5/石墨烯复合材料和Li4Ti5O12分别作为正极和负极组装了V2O5/石墨烯 // Li4Ti5O12全电池。结果表明,该复合电极材料是含有0.55%（质量分数）石墨烯的片状正交相V2O5。电化学测试表明,与未复合石墨烯的纯V2O5样品相比,V2O5/石墨烯复合材料具有更高的储锂活性和优异的大电流放电性能。在200 mA/g的电流密度下,V2O5/石墨烯复合材料和纯V2O5样品的放电比容量分别为283 mAh/g和253 mAh/g;当电流密度增加到5 A/g时,V2O5/石墨烯复合材料依然保持有150 mAh/g的放电比容量,而纯V2O5样品的放电比容量仅为114 mAh/g;V2O5/石墨烯和纯V2O5电极的电荷传递电阻分别为142 Ω和293 Ω。V2O5/石墨烯 // Li4Ti5O12全电池测试结果表明,在1.0 ~2.5 V电压范围内,循环初期全电池正极材料的放电比容量从110 mAh/g衰减到96 mAh/g,随后又出现上升,循环100次后正极材料的放电比容量稳定在102 mAh/g,库伦效率接近100%,这表明该V2O5/石墨烯复合电极材料是一种非常有应用前景的锂离子电池电极活性材料。     

三元正极废粉还原焙烧—水浸提锂过程氟磷杂质的影响

针对含氟/磷杂质组分的三元正极废粉和纯三元正极粉开展还原焙烧—水浸试验,发现相同试验条件下,含杂三元正极废粉锂的浸出率明显低于纯三元正极粉,氟/磷杂质组分是影响还原焙烧—水浸提锂效果的关键因素,还原焙烧过程中,由于氟/磷的影响,正极材料中的锂部分转化为不溶于水的LiF和Li3PO4,进而损失于水浸渣中。     

浅谈影响铜电解残极率的主要因素

残极率是ISA法铜电解精炼的重要技术指标之一,残极率的高低,可体现出生产工艺的先进性、及生产管理水平,同时影响整个公司的吨铜加工成本。本文主要介绍了ISA法铜电解精炼影响残极率的主要因素,并分析这些因素对残极率的影响,同时提出改进措施,降低残极率。     

锂离子电池正极材料锰酸锂派生物LiMn1.75Me0.25O4(Me=Ti, Fe, Ni)的制备与表征

在合成纯相尖晶石型锰酸锂的基础上 ,采用固相分段法制备了锰酸锂派生物LiMn1.75Ti0 .2 5O4 ,LiMn1.75Fe0 .2 5O4 和LiMn1.75Ni0 .2 5O4 。用XRD ,SEM和粒度测试仪分别对试样进行了表征。电化学检测表明 ,Fe和Ni元素能够提高锰酸锂的放电平台电压 ,Ti元素不能改善锰酸锂的电化学性能。从结构化学角度初步探讨了Fe ,Ni和Ti元素对纯相尖晶石型锰酸锂结构的影响。     

膏剂辉光离子渗硼渗铝机理的探讨

本文对表面涂有膏剂的试样利用辉光放电中的空心阴极效应进行了渗入试验,并对其渗入机理进行了初步的探讨分析。     

软X射线-真空紫外大电流空阴极光源的研究

描述了最近研制成功的用于软X射线-真空紫外光谱辐射传递标准光源的大电流空阴极光源。它由两个阳极、一个阴极和一个两级差分泵单元组成,工作电流2A,工作气体为氩和氦,气压10Pa～100Pa.能在13nm～200nm间产生ArⅠ、ArⅡ、HeⅠ、HeⅡ、AlⅡ、AlⅢ和AlⅣ谱线。光源辐射稳定性优于±1%,重复性优于±5%.     

LiFePO4固相碳热合成法研究

以碳热还原法为原理，采用Fe2O3、Li2CO3、NH3H2PO4和碳黑为原料，以一定计量比和顺序混合，经过球磨、干燥、造粒、预烧、烧成等几道工序，制备出黑色的LiFePO4粉末。利用化学分析、XRD、SEM等手段研究了工艺流程对合成产物晶体结构、表面形貌的影响。利用合成材料组装电池，通过充放电试验测试电化学性能。结果表明，以0．1C速率充放电，首次充放电容量在150mAh／g。从长远看来，这种低成本，工艺简单，绿色无污染的合成方法很具有工业实用化生产价值。     

我国阴极炭素材料发展中的若干问题

对我国阴极炭素材料市场进行了综合评述，指出数量增加快、质量进步慢。呼声高、行动少，急功近利、工作不扎实等是我国在优质阴极炭素材料开发和应用中存在的主要问题。建议有关领导部门应高度重视，在深入细致调研的基础上制定出相应的政策，指导和协调高档阴极炭素材料的开发和应用。铝业界应充分认识我们的差距和开发高档阴极炭块的难度，更新观念，制定切实有效的措施；应坚持优胜劣汰、优质优价的原则。鼓励炭素企业开发和生产优质阴极炭素材料，扎扎实实地提高我国阴极炭素材料的质量。