Vacuum impregnation of chitosan‐based edible coating in minimally processed pumpkin

The goal of this research was to evaluate the use of vacuum impregnation (VI) and soaking techniques (ST) in the application of edible coatings of chitosan and chitosan + lauric acid to minimally processed pumpkins (MPP). The vacuum impregnation method led to greater component incorporation (5.9% and 1.75%, respectively) in the pumpkins when compared to soaking and consequently the formation of more uniform, thicker coatings (25.6 and 22.3 μm, respectively). However, VI caused greater changes in pH, acidity, colour and firmness. Relating to water content and carotenoid content, noncoated pumpkins presented greater losses during the storage period, regardless of impregnation method. The pumpkins with edible coatings, regardless of method, presented lower numbers of psychrotrophic micro‐organisms and coliforms during the storage period. Therefore, soaking was considered the best method for the application of chitosan‐based edible coatings to minimally processed pumpkins, as it led to smaller changes in the properties of the product.     

冷水浸泡和沸水漂烫预处理对牛肉挥发性成分的影响

采用电子鼻技术、同时蒸馏萃取和气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）法研 究2 种预处理方式（冷水浸泡2 h和沸水漂烫40 s）对牛肉挥发性风味成分的影响。电子鼻分析结果表明,2 种预处 理方式牛肉的气味有明显差异。GC-MS测定结果表明：冷水浸泡2 h和沸水漂烫40 s的牛肉中分别鉴定出35、39 种 挥发性成分,2 种预处理方式牛肉中共鉴定出48 种挥发性成分,其中共有成分26 种,且2 种预处理方式牛肉中的挥 发性成分种类和含量有较大差异。冷水浸泡能更多地保留牛肉风味物质中的醛类物质,使牛肉的脂香味浓郁,香味 成分更丰富,因此预处理温度是造成牛肉风味差异的主要因素。     

压榨型鲜湿米粉条实验室制作方法的研究

本文以压榨型鲜湿米粉条实验室制作方法为研究对象,分别筛选出制作工艺中浸泡、制粉、老化三个阶段的最佳条件,以完善压榨型鲜湿米粉条实验室制作方法。其中浸泡阶段,根据大米颗粒浸泡后硬度的变化筛选出最适浸泡时间,为8~10 h;制粉阶段,根据米粉条感官品质的变化筛选出加入米粉机的最佳水温为70 ℃;老化阶段,通过响应面分析法对米粉条老化工艺进行优化,得到的最佳老化条件为：温度15 ℃、时间6 h、相对湿度≥80%,此条件下米粉条感官评分实际值与理论预测值的相对误差较小,三个米粉条样品感官评分实际值分别可达79.63分、79.50分、80.19分。     

国内利口酒生产研究进展

利口酒是以蒸馏酒等为酒基配制各种调香物料,经过甜化处理的酒精饮料。目前我国每年的利口酒产量约为641 kL。文章综述了我国利口酒生产过程中原辅料、生产工艺（包括浸渍法、发酵法、发酵结合蒸馏法、配制法）、风味物质分析等的主要研究进展。讨论了利口酒生产研究过程中存在的问题并展望了后期发展的方向。     

陈皮最佳饮用方式探讨

陈皮是民间常备的消食导滞药品之一。通过测定陈皮中的主要活性成分橙皮甙的溢出量，对陈皮的最佳饮用方式进行探讨。实验结果表明，用矿泉水冲泡小金桔样品，并加冰糖为辅料煎煮15min左右，用温度较高的水在紫砂壶中冲泡2h后饮用较好。     

闽南香菜心的传统加工技术

介绍闽南菜心的腌制和酱油渍加工技术。     

新型婴儿断奶食品的研究

研究了以花生和小米为主要原料的新型婴儿断奶食品的诸多影响因素。结果表明，花生的最佳烘烤条件是120℃，时间10min,最佳浸泡时间是常温下(花生：水=1：2，质量比)8h；α-淀粉酶水解小米淀粉最适时间是20min；产品的最佳配方是动物蛋白：植物蛋白=2：1(质量比)；最终产品的溶解度为98．26％。该产品具有较高的蛋白质含量和很好的溶解性，适合断奶期婴儿食用。     

多效唑浸种对盐胁迫下麻疯树幼苗光合作用的影响

研究了200mmol.L-1NaCl处理（10d）下不同浓度（0、200、400、600、800、1 000mg.L-1）多效唑（PP333）浸种处理对麻疯树南油1号幼苗生长和光合作用的影响。结果表明：在盐胁迫下,不同浓度的PP333浸种处理均显著提高了盐胁迫下的植株干物质积累速率、根冠比和叶绿素含量,提高了净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔限制值（Ls）,降低了细胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）,其中600mg.L-1PP333浸种处理效果最好。可见,多效唑浸种能促进盐胁迫下麻疯树南油1号幼苗的生长,缓解盐胁迫对麻疯树幼苗的非气孔限制,改善光合作用,减缓盐胁迫的伤害。     

Modelling of mechanical properties of five maize varieties at critical processing conditions in the production of fermented slurry-ogi

This research work was conducted to investigate the impact of critical processing conditions on the selected mechanical properties of maize in the production of fermented ogi slurry. Five varieties of maize (A4W, C3Y, D8W, B2Y, and E9W) were soaked at 28 ^ºC and average hot soaking at 65^ºC, respectively, for 96 h at 12-h interval. Selected mechanical properties were evaluated based on a 5 × 2 × 9 factorial design (varieties× soaking methods× soaking periods). Force (FB) and energy required to break (EB) maize grains decreased significantly (p < 0.05) up to the 12th hour. The EB reduced from 873.3 to 70.0 N mm and from 873.3 to 77.8 N mm for variety E9W at soaking conditions of 28^ºC and 65^ºC, respectively. Similar trends were observed for other maize varieties. Modulus of elasticity and resilience decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increase in soaking period and moisture content. The EB to break maize grains was directly proportional to the product of Young’s modulus and area (E_m A^1.5), the FB and area (F_m A°^.5) and force required to break and geometric mean diameter (F D_g²) of maize grains with a high R² (0.9610.999). This study suggested that the duration of soaking between 12 and 24 h should be enough to significantly (p > 0.05) reduce the hardness, force, and energy required to break whole maize grains in the production of this fermented product and relevant for predicting minimum required energy for a large-scale operation.     

针织用丝浸泡效果分析

通过常规工艺对生丝进行浸泡处理,然后测试分析其浸泡效果。文中介绍和讨论了选用不同助剂和试验方法的结果,并着重指出杨氏模量波动——柔软度不匀,是织物疵点形成的主要原因之一,而缫丝卷绕张力不稳定、生丝条干不匀,可造成杨氏模量波动。