从闷井压力反演页岩油水平井压裂裂缝参数和地层压力

页岩油压裂水平井投产前普遍先闷井,为快速评价体积压裂效果,提出基于页岩油藏闷井压力数据的压后评估方法。通过闷井数值模拟,表征压裂水平井缝网改造区域的压力扩散与流体运移规律,并建立闭合后线性流计算模型和裂缝储集控制数学模型,形成反演裂缝参数与地层压力的计算方法。结果表明,压裂停泵后改造区域依次经历井筒末段裂缝控制、全井段裂缝控制以及储集层基质控制下的9个流动阶段,其压降导数在双对数坐标下为不同斜率的多个直线段;应用于吉木萨尔凹陷4口典型页岩油水平井,证明了闷井压力数据能用于裂缝参数和地层压力反演,也验证了提出方法的适用性,可供评价压裂作业效果和优化平台井距借鉴。     

天然糯玉米淀粉的提取工艺优化

支链淀粉含量高的糯玉米淀粉具有较好的理化性质,在食品工业具有较大的应用潜力。为确定糯玉米淀粉的最适提取工艺参数,该研究以糯玉米碴为原料,采用单因素试验研究浸泡液种类、浸泡液浓度、浸泡时间、浸泡温度对糯玉米淀粉提取的影响,基于单因素试验结果,采用Box-Behnken试验设计对糯玉米淀粉的提取工艺进行优化。糯玉米淀粉的最适提取工艺参数：亚硫酸浓度0.31%、浸泡时间4.45 h、浸泡温度51.4℃。在此优化条件下,糯玉米淀粉的提取率可达76.36%,淀粉含量可达99.40%,有效地缩短浸泡时间、降低能耗。     

红豆预熟化工艺及理化性质的研究（网络首发、推荐阅读）

针对红豆种皮厚、难以煮熟等特点,通过“微波预处理–浸泡–蒸煮”的预熟化技术开发出一款能与大米同煮同熟的红豆产品。在利用响应面法优化预熟化工艺的基础上,对不同糊化度预熟化红豆的外观、色泽、糊化特性、质构和复煮特性进行测试。结果表明：微波时间、微波功率、浸泡时间、蒸煮时间的增加均会显著提升红豆的糊化度。与原料红豆相比,预熟化红豆的色泽变暗、体积膨大数倍、硬度降低、糊化粘度降低、复水性增加7.5～8.8倍,且模拟白米蒸煮条件复煮后无白芯。但随着糊化度的增加,红豆颗粒吸水膨胀、表皮破裂严重、感官分数下降、复水性先增加后降低。综上,优化预熟化最佳工艺为：微波功率640 W,微波时间30 s,浸泡时间6.5 h,蒸煮时间20 min,所得预熟化红豆的糊化度约为57.52%。     

丙酮浸泡处理对3D打印ABS成型件表面质量及光泽度的影响

摘要：通过熔融沉积3D打印机制作丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)成型件,配制不同浓度的丙酮溶液对ABS成型件进行浸泡处理,使用表面粗糙度测试仪、表面光泽度测试仪对不同浸泡浓度和浸泡时间条件下,ABS成型件的表面质量和光泽度进行分析。结果表明,中低浓度(浓度＜60%)的丙酮溶液与ABS成型件的浸泡表面几乎无反应,不适用于对ABS成型件进行表面处理;中高浓度(60%≤浓度＜90%)的丙酮溶液对ABS成型件进行表面处理时,整体反应过程可控,表面处理效果随时间的增加而明显,是适宜的浸泡处理浓度范围;高浓度(浓度≥90%)的丙酮溶液对ABS成型件进行表面处理时,表面处理效果明显,但整体反应过程不可控,需要控制浸泡时间,通常浸泡5～20 s。高浓度丙酮溶液更适合采用涂刷的方式对ABS成型件进行表面处理。     

浸泡发酵对米粉体系理化特性的影响

利用动态流变仪和差示扫描量热仪等手段探讨了浸泡发酵对米粉体系理化特性的影响。实验结果表明:浸泡发酵后的米粉体系凝胶强度和弹性组分增加。由于浸泡发酵使米粉体系可溶性物质减少,浸泡发酵后的米粉凝胶体系回生速度增加。     

Peanut milk and peanut milk based products production: a review

Since the early 1950s, numerous reports have been published suggesting that peanut milk and peanut milk based products can be prepared in a wide variety of ways. Emphasis has shifted from preparing inexpensive milk like beverages, very nutritious but somewhat lacking consumers appeal, to using the peanut milk or peanut protein isolates as an animal milk extender without changing flavor, to develop more attractive fermented products, and to precipitate proteins from the milk in order to get a curd called "tofu," and to produce cheese analogs. Great attention has been paid to the improvement of the stability, sensory properties, and shelf-life of the milk, using physical and chemical treatments. Many efforts have been deployed for supplementing the products. Thanks to recent advances, the removal of aflatoxin from peanut milk can be achieved using Flavobacterium aurantiacum as a biodegradater. It has also found application as liquid coffee whitener. However, despite all these developments and publications, there is still a need for much more diversified studies in order to definitely overcome the stability, the nutty flavor, and sensory problems always encountered when producing peanut milk and some peanut milk based products.     

Properties of amorphous silicon solar cells fabricated from SiH2Cl2

Chlorinated intrinsic amorphous silicon films [a-Si:H(Cl)] and solar cell i-layers were fabricated using electron cyclotron resonance-assisted chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) and SiH₂Cl₂ source gas. n–i–p solar cells deposited on ZnO–coated SnO₂ substrates had poor photovoltaic performances despite the good electronic properties measured on the a-Si:H(Cl) films. Improved open–circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.84 V and fill factor (FF) of 54% were observed in n–i–p solar cells by providing an n/i buffer layer and by using Ga-doped ZnO coated glass substrates. However, the FF improvement was still rather poor, which is thought to originate from high interface recombination in the ECR deposited solar cells. The V_oc and the FF showed much stable feature against light soaking.     

High-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells with a novel In(OH)3:Zn buffer layer

We propose the inclusion of a novel In(OH)₃:Zn²⁺ buffer layer for fabricating high-efficiency CIGS solar cells. This buffer layer was deposited using a solution consisting of ZnCl₂, InCl₃·4H₂O, and thiourea. The In(OH)₃:Zn²⁺ films showed high resistivities of 2.1×10⁸ Ω cm and transmittance of above 95% in the visible range. We expected two effects due to this new buffer layer: first is the formation of a passivation layer on the CIGS surface and the second is Zn-doping into CIGS layer, resulting in the formation of a buried junction. A cell efficiency of 14.0% (V_oc: 0.575 V, J_sc: 32.1 mA/cm², FF: 0.758) was achieved by using an In(OH)₃:Zn²⁺ buffer layer, without the light soaking effect.     

初轧均热炉节能与技术进步

我国产钢近50％铸成大钢锭后加工成材,就当前的经济实力而言,短期内不可能取消初轧工序。因此,充分发挥现有模铸系统作用,对其进行技术改造,形成有中国特色的钢铁工业后步工序,使之在经济效益上可与连铸系统相媲美。近年来初轧均热炉技术进步的成绩显著,其主要经验是:1.改造设备;2.改进操作;3.科学管理;4.抓系统节能;5.抓基础理论。