SMT建模仿真研究现状及发展

概述了SMT再流焊工艺过程、所用组装件以及形成的焊点3方面的仿真进展，充分展现了计算机模拟在再流焊研究中的重要作用。     

GMAW焊接熔滴过渡动态过程的数值分析

以流体动力学、电磁理论及VOF方法为基础建立了熔滴过渡的动态模拟模型,模型中考虑电磁收缩力、表面张力、等离子流力的影响．利用建立的模型模拟了熔滴的形成、长大及脱离过程,计算了电流对过渡熔滴尺寸及频率的影响,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好．计算了不同阶段的熔滴中的流场,并利用计算的流场分析了熔滴的脱离机制。     

并联式波形控制对熔滴过渡的影响

为改善弧焊过程的动特性,减少飞溅,对一种并联式IGBT波形控制器的波控特性进行了实验研究,研究了该波形控制器对焊接过程焊机动特性的影响,并分析了波控参数对焊接熔滴过渡过程的影响.结果表明:并联式波控是一种低成本的、降低飞溅的有效方法,可以优化焊接电流的波形,抑制短路末期的峰值电流,确保短路末期液桥的柔顺破断,削弱燃弧初期电弧对熔池的冲击.     

药芯焊丝电弧焊电弧形态与熔滴过渡行为的研究

基于数码照相技术研究了CO2保护气氛下,渣系和焊接参数对药芯焊丝电弧焊（FCAW）电弧形态和熔滴过渡行为的影响。研究发现,酸性及金属芯渣系药芯焊丝在所有焊接参数下电弧扩散角相差不大,碱性渣系药芯焊丝因药芯中含大量消电离元素,大焊接参数下电弧扩散角比其它两种渣系小;金属芯药芯焊丝大焊接参数下发生“半潜弧”,可见弧长显著缩短。随着焊接参数增大,酸性,碱性,金属芯药芯焊丝均依次出现如下熔滴过渡类型;短路过渡、大滴排斥过渡、细颗粒过渡,均未发生喷射过渡。     

纳米银颗粒增强复合钎料的研究

研究了纳米银颗粒增强锡铅基复合钎料的物理性能、工艺性能、力学性能和蠕变性能。通过在Sn-37Pb中加入不同含量的纳米银颗粒，测定比较复合钎料的性能，从而选择最佳加入量。结果表明，φ(Ag)=3％的纳米银颗粒的复合钎料综合性能最好，与Sn-37Pb共晶钎料相比，所加入的纳米银颗粒对住错起到了钉扎作用，从而提高了钎焊接头的蠕变寿命，其断裂形貌特征为延性和脆性混合断裂。     

顶吹转炉内金属液滴的产生、运动及传热的数学模型

本文开发了一个普适的顶吹转炉内金属液滴的产生、运动及传热的数学模型，在对炉内气体的流动、燃烧及传热研究的基础之上，引进液滴产生的分布函数，用概率模拟的Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ方法模拟了液滴的随机产生（尺寸、位置及初速度），在Ｌａｎｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ的框架下跟踪了液滴的运动，计算了液滴的传热及温度变化，最后对所有液滴进行统计，给出了一些有实际意义的物理量（平均停留时间、平均传热量、平均上升最大高度等）的统计平均值。应用该模型计算了１８０ｔ转炉内液滴的产生、运动及传热情况，结果表明液滴在转炉内二次燃烧过程的传热中是一种重要的传热方式     

射流感应破裂荷电液滴在烟尘控制中的新进展

理论与实践表明：在静电洗涤器中采用射流感应破裂荷电技术能高效净化烟尘。射流感应破裂荷电是一种以静电学、两相流理论及空气动力学理论为基础的能产生超高荷质比带电液滴的新技术。因此,在空气污染控制领域,射流感应破裂荷电技术具有很好的应用前景。本文将在论述射流感应破裂荷电基本原理及其理论和实验研究成果的基础上,介绍国内外射流感应破裂荷电技术的成果和其烟尘净化应用中的新进展以及其潜在的工业价值。     

CO2焊产生飞溅的原因及控制措施

详细地介绍了CO2气体保护焊的熔滴过渡形式,探讨了飞溅产生的原因机理,根据不同熔滴过渡形式下飞溅的成因提出了不同的飞溅控制措施,以解决CO2焊的飞溅问题,从而推广CO2气体保护焊接工艺。     

熔滴冲击力对MIG焊接熔池表面形状的影响

建立了熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊焊接熔池流场与热场的数值分析模型，分析了熔滴冲击力对ＭＩＧ焊接熔池表面形状的影响规律，提出了计算焊缝余高部分和熔池几何参数的算法。定量分析了熔滴到达熔池表面时，其冲击力对焊缝和熔池形状的影响。低碳钢平板ＭＩＧ堆焊工艺试验结果表明，计算值与测试值吻合。     

How far droplets can move in indoor environments--revisiting the Wells evaporation-falling curve

A large number of infectious diseases are believed to be transmitted between people via large droplets and by airborne routes. An understanding of evaporation and dispersion of droplets and droplet nuclei is not only significant for developing effective engineering control methods for infectious diseases but also for exploring the basic transmission mechanisms of the infectious diseases. How far droplets can move is related to how far droplet-borne diseases can transmit. A simple physical model is developed and used here to investigate the evaporation and movement of droplets expelled during respiratory activities; in particular, the well-known Wells evaporation-falling curve of droplets is revisited considering the effect of relative humidity, air speed, and respiratory jets. Our simple model considers the movement of exhaled air, as well as the evaporation and movement of a single droplet. Exhaled air is treated as a steady-state non-isothermal (warm) jet horizontally issuing into stagnant surrounding air. A droplet is assumed to evaporate and move in this non-isothermal jet. Calculations are performed for both pure water droplets and droplets of sodium chloride (physiological saline) solution (0.9% w/v). We calculate the droplet lifetimes and how droplet size changes, as well as how far the droplets travel in different relative humidities. Our results indicate that a droplet's size predominately dictates its evaporation and movement after being expelled. The sizes of the largest droplets that would totally evaporate before falling 2 m away are determined under different conditions. The maximum horizontal distances that droplets can reach during different respiratory activities are also obtained. Our study is useful for developing effective prevention measures for controlling infectious diseases in hospitals and in the community at large. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our study reveals that for respiratory exhalation flows, the sizes of the largest droplets that would totally evaporate before falling 2 m away are between 60 and 100 microm, and these expelled large droplets are carried more than 6 m away by exhaled air at a velocity of 50 m/s (sneezing), more than 2 m away at a velocity of 10 m/s (coughing) and less than 1 m away at a velocity of 1 m/s (breathing). These findings are useful for developing effective engineering control methods for infectious diseases, and also for exploring the basic transmission mechanisms of the infectious diseases. There is a need to examine the air distribution systems in hospital wards for controlling both airborne and droplet-borne transmitted diseases.