Ultrasonic-assisted wetting and soldering of AlN ceramic by using a nonactive solder (Sn9Zn) in air

AlN ceramic was successfully wetted and then joined with nonactive Sn9Zn eutectic solder assisted by ultrasonication in air. The effect of ultrasonic time on the formation of joint was studied. Results indicated that the defect-free joint can be obtained at an ultrasonic time of 5 s. Two regions, namely, AlN/Sn (s,_s) and AlN/Zn (s,_s), were found in the bonding interface. Zn and O accumulated in the AlN/Sn (s,_s) interface. An amorphous and nanocrystalline layer of ZnO formed in the hard-wet AlN surface. And Zn (s,_s) directly bonded with AlN. The low temperature and fast bonding of the AlN was attributed to the high pressure and temperature caused by cavitation effect. The shear strength of the joint increased from 10.6 MPa to 30.7 MPa when the ultrasonic treatment time increased from 5 s to 150 s. With the prolongation of ultrasonic time, more AlN ceramic particles entered the solder and acted as the reinforcing phase.     

基于预训练语言模型的关键词感知问题生成

问题生成任务是指根据给定的文本段落和答案来自动生成对应的问题。针对现有问题生成方法存在的误差累积现象以及问题生成任务固有的“一对多”情况，提出一种带有关键词感知功能的问题生成方法。在预训练语言模型的基础上，实现关键词分类模型与问题生成模型的网络结构设计。输入文本段落中蕴含关键词，为使所生成的问题中包含同样的关键词以保证问题与段落的语义一致性，利用关键词分类模型提取出文本段落中的关键词，将关键词与非关键词的区分特征融入问题生成模型的输入中，该特征作为问题生成过程的全局信息，用以消除问题生成模型仅依赖局部最优解的弊端，减少误差累积与“一对多”情况的发生。在SQuAD数据集上的实验结果表明，该方法能够提升问题生成的质量，其BLEU-4指标值可达24，优于带有复制机制、带有语义监督的问题生成模型，目前已经借助百度百科数据平台实现了大规模工业应用。     

改进RetinaFace的自然场景口罩佩戴检测算法

新型冠状病毒可以通过空气中的飞沫、气溶胶等载体进行传播，在公共场所下正确佩戴口罩可以有效地防止病毒的传播。提出了一种自然场景下人脸口罩佩戴检测方法，对RetinaFace算法进行了改进，增加了人脸口罩佩戴检测任务，优化了损失函数。在特征金字塔网络中引入了一种改进的自注意力机制，增强了特征图的表达能力。建立了包含3 000张图片的数据集，并进行手工标注，用于网络训练。实验结果表明该算法可以有效进行口罩佩戴检测，在自然场景视频中也取得了不错的检测效果。     

Microstructure evolution and interfacial bonding mechanisms of ultrasonically soldered sapphire/Al dissimilar joints using Sn-based solders

Sapphire and 5A06 Al were ultrasonically soldered with Sn9Zn, SAC305 alloy solders and NiCu alloy foam added Sn-based composite solders, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were investigated and the interfacial bonding mechanism was analyzed. Cracks were observed at the sapphire/Sn matrix interface in joints soldered with alloy solders, which were disappeared in the joints soldered with composite solders. In the joint using NiCu–Sn9Zn composite solder, the solder seam was uneven and Al₃Ni intermetallic compound (IMC) layer was formed on the surface of NiCu alloy skeletons. While in the joint using NiCu-SAC305 composite solder, fine particles of (Ni,Zn)₃Sn₄ were largely formed and homogeneously distributed in the solder seam. An amorphous Al₂O₃ transition layer was formed at the sapphire/Sn matrix interface, and Zn enrichment was found at the Sn matrix/amorphous Al₂O₃ interface. The action mechanism of Zn was analyzed by first-principles calculation. The joints soldered with NiCu-SAC305 composite solder exhibited the highest shear strength of 74.42 MPa, the shearing failure mainly happened in the soldering seam.     

Brazing of beryllium with aluminium brazing alloys

It is shown that the activation of the surface of beryllium components with titanium results in efficient wetting with aluminium brazing alloys. The experimental results show that the application of aluminium brazing alloys, alloyed with titanium, produces high-quality butt and lap brazed joints with the tensile strength of up to 150 MPa.     

基于掩膜预处理的稀疏表示和压缩感知图像重建

近年来兴起的压缩感知（compressive sensing, or compressed sampling,CS）理论对信号稀疏性的要求,使信号的稀疏表示得到了前所未有的关注。考虑到现实信号往往是非稀疏性的,而压缩感知理论要求被测信号必须满足稀疏性或在某个规范正交基下满足稀疏性,因此信号的稀疏性表示变得十分重要。主要研究探索了二值掩膜预处理的稀疏表示方法。结合二值掩膜的算法去除人眼不敏感的DCT系数,在不影响图像主观质量的前提下提高测量系数的稀疏度。实验表明提出的预处理方法减少了CS的重建时间,并且提高了图像的重建质量。     

PEAQ在扬声器异常音检测中的应用

扬声器异常音作为产品音质好坏的一种具体表现形式,其检测问题也属于音质评价的一方面。故本文借鉴国际电信联盟推荐的音频质量感知评价算法PEAQ(Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality)的实现原理,将其中的人耳听觉模型应用在扬声器的异常音检测中。取标准扬声器样品的声信号作为参考信号,待测扬声器的声信号作为待测信号,两个信号通过人耳听觉模型逐帧处理后,计算得到信号感知差异曲线,用以区分异常音样品。人耳听觉模型包括了中外耳频率加权、听觉滤波器分组、添加内部噪声以及掩蔽效应模拟。将本文所述方法与人工听音以及国际通用的高阶谐波检测扬声器异常音的方法做了比较,实验室检测结果验证了该方法的可行性。     

„Ideale“ Lötverbindung und „optimale“ Lötverbindung

If due to the market analysis a company makes the decision for the production of a new product by application of soldering and special the soldering with temporarily liquid solder, this one is then made specifically after that the company specific construction and production preparation. Either the decision for soldering is technically and/or economically well‐founded or she is even unavoidable by so‐called mixed material connections in the assemblies. This hybrid design finds application increasing today. In the contribution on hand the analysis and assessment of the soldering theory and practice is carried out under the point of view of the possible production of “ideal soldered connections” and “optimal soldered connections”.     

基于轨迹位置形状相似性的隐私保护算法

为了降低轨迹数据发布产生的隐私泄露风险,提出了多种轨迹匿名算法。然而,现有的轨迹匿名算法在计算轨迹相似性时忽略了轨迹的形状因素对轨迹相似性的影响,因此产生的匿名轨迹集合的可用性相对较低。针对这一问题,提出了一种新的轨迹相似性度量模型,在考虑轨迹的时间和空间要素的同时,加入了轨迹的形状因素,可以在多项式时间内计算定义在不同时间跨度上的轨迹的距离,能够更加准确、快速地度量轨迹之间的相似性;在此基础上,提出了一种基于轨迹位置形状相似性的隐私保护算法,最大限度地提高了聚类内部轨迹的相似性,并且使用真实的原始位置信息形成数据"面罩",满足了轨迹k-匿名,在有效地保护轨迹数据的同时,提高了轨迹数据的可用性;最后,在合成轨迹数据集和真实轨迹数据集上的实验结果表明,本算法花费更少的时间代价,具有更高的数据可用性。