Mo~( 6)掺杂制备SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/MoO_3固体超强酸催化合成氯乙酸异辛酯

以氯乙酸和异辛醇为原料,用Mo 6掺杂制备SO2-4/TiO2/MoO3的固体超强酸催化剂催化合成氯乙酸异辛酯,研究了酯化反应的优化条件。当n(异辛醇):n(氯乙酸)为1.1∶1;催化剂用量为反应物料质量的2.0%时,反应时间90min,氯乙酸异辛酯的收率达到95.5%。     

面向锂电储能系统的本质安全电池智能隔膜材料

为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标,构建安全稳定、绿色低碳的现代化能源体系,锂离子电池作为一种典型的电化学储能器件备受关注。如何在新增装机规模不断扩大的情况下,保证电站安全平稳运行成为了首要问题。为此,从电芯材料角度出发,针对目前商业锂电池隔膜存在的问题,综述了近年来智能隔膜方面的工作,包括聚烯烃隔膜材料改性、新型智能化隔膜结构设计和耐高温聚合物材料开发,强调了开发高安全性隔膜材料的重要性。最后,对液态和固态电池隔膜的研究方向进行了展望,以期为进一步设计高安全性的储能材料提供参考。     

BaCe0.5-xZr0.5-xYb2xO3-δ质子导体的制备及电性能

采用固相法制备了BaCe0.5-xZr0.5-xYb2xO3-δ(2x=0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25)固体电解质。X射线衍射(XRD)谱图分析结果表明,材料为立方钙钛矿结构。利用直流四探针法测定不同温度和不同气氛下材料的电导率,BaCe0.5-xZr0.5-x-Yb2xO3-δ的电导率与氧空位以及固溶度有关。在空气气氛下材料以电子空穴和氧离子电导为主,而在氢气气氛下,表现为质子导体。当2x=0.2时,在湿氢气气氛下于950℃的电导率为3.6×10-3S/cm。     

Characteristics of Ions Emitted from Laser-Induced Silver Plasma

In this work, study of laser-induced ions is presented. The plasma was produced by focusing a Nd：YAG laser, with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulsed width of 9-14 ns, a power of 1.1 MW and energy of 10 mJ, on silver target in vacuum （10-3 Torr= 1.3332 Pa）. The characteristics of ion streams were investigated by CR-39 detectors located at angles of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° with respect to normal of the target. The distance between the silver target and each detector was 11 cm. The energy of silver ions was found ranging from 1.5 eV to 1.06E4 eV. There was a high concentration of ions with low energy as compared to those with high energy, showing the energy distribution amongst the ions. The flux of ions was maximum in the axial direction which was decreasing with the angle increase with respect to normal of the target, and finally became minimum in the radial direction. Hence the silver ions have shown anisotropic behaviour.     

聚醚固体电解质锂电池放电性能研究

利用氧亚甲基连接的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯多嵌段共聚物或氧亚甲基连接的聚氧乙烯多嵌段共聚物与高氯酸锂的络合物作电池的电解质,锂片作负极,几种含钒的化合物作正极,组装了全固态二次锂电池.研究了不同正极材料、不同电解质和不同温度对电池短路放电性能的影响以及电池的重复短路放电性能.研究表明,正极材料V_6O_(13)的性能优于Na_(1+x)V_3O_8;电解质(PEO)_n·LiClO_4的性能优于(PEO-PPO)_n·LiClO_4,这与它们的电导率分别为3.2×10~(-3)S·cm~(-1)和2.2×10~(-3)S·cm~(-1)是一致的.     

25℃NH_4Cl-KCl- H_2O三元体系相平衡的研究

研究了２５℃ＮＨ４Ｃｌ－ＫＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ三元体系的固液相平衡关系,测定出有关溶解度数据, 结果表明该体系存在纯 ＮＨ４Ｃｌ、纯 ＫＣｌ、 ＮＨ４Ｃｌ为主的固溶体及 ＫＣｌ为主的固溶体等 ４个 结晶区．     

CPLD在固态高功放控制检测单元中的应用

复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD和现场可编程门阵列FPGA,含有数量众多的可编程逻辑宏单元或逻辑块,规模大,组合能力强,设计成功能各异的逻辑电路,适合于时序、组合等逻辑电路.本文用CPLD对固态高功放控制功能进行综合处理,控制命令产生部分根据信号处理机通过串行链发来的控制命令产生控制命令,然后对高功放进行相应的控制,并对相关命令根据时序和故障情况进行逻辑链锁,达到最终控制高功放的目的.     

Solid solubility of hydrogen in Pb83Li17 alloy: A preliminary investigation

Lead–lithium alloy Pb₈₃Li₁₇ (0.6 wt.% lithium) is a potential candidate to be used as a neutron multiplier, tritium (fuel) breeder and heat transfer agent (coolant) in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Test Reactor (ITER). The tritium produced in the alloy could be soluble in the alloy or appear as a new phase. During reactor shut down condition, Pb₈₃Li₁₇ will be solidified and stored in a storage tank. Investigation on the solubility of tritium in solid Pb₈₃Li₁₇ is essential to quantify the trapped tritium in solid Pb₈₃Li₁₇ alloy to estimate the extent of radioactive contamination (with respect to tritium) and valuable tritium loss. Tritium being the isotope of hydrogen behaves more or less similar to hydrogen. In the present study solid-solubility of hydrogen in Pb₈₃Li₁₇ alloy has been investigated as a function of temperature and pressure. It was found that the hydrogen solubility increases with temperature (373–473 K) and follows the Sieverts law. Hydrogen solution enthalpy has been calculated using Seiverts constant and found to be −4.81 kJ/mole of hydrogen.     

Research progress of solid electrolytes

商业化的锂离子电池大多采用有机液体作为电解质体系,有机液体电解质在电池的工作过程中,会发生泄漏、挥发、燃烧甚至爆炸,存在严重的安全隐患,研究高效、环保、安全的电解质是解决这一问题的主要途径。固体电解质取代传统的液体电解质,不仅可以在传输导锂的同时抑制锂枝晶的生长,而且具有高的机械强度,简化电池的制备工艺,降低电池的制造成本。由于具有以上的优点,固体电解质的研发不断引起人们的广泛关注。本文综述了硫化物固体电解质的研究进展,包括二元和三元硫化物固体电解质,同时讨论了掺杂改性或复合改性对其性能影响,并展望了硫化物固体电解质未来的发展方向。     

High-temperature tensile and creep properties of a ferritic stainless steel for interconnect in solid oxide fuel cell

The purpose of this study is to investigate the high-temperature mechanical properties of a ferritic stainless steel (Crofer 22 APU) for use as an interconnect material in planar solid oxide fuel cells (pSOFCs). Tensile properties of the Crofer 22 APU steel are evaluated at temperatures of 25-800 °C. Creep properties are evaluated by constant-load tests at 650-800 °C. Several creep lifetime models are applied to correlate the creep rupture time with applied stress or minimum creep rate. Experimental results show the variation of yield strength with temperature can be described by a sigmoidal curve for different deformation mechanisms. The creep stress exponent, n, has a value of 5 or 6, indicating a power-law creep mechanism involving dislocation motion. The apparent activation energy for such a power-law creep mechanism is estimated as 393 kJ mol⁻¹ through some thermally activated relations. Creep rupture time of the Crofer 22 APU steel can be described by a Monkman-Grant relation with a time exponent, m = 1.11. The relation between creep rupture time and normalized stress is well fitted by a universal simple power law for all of the given testing temperatures. Larson-Miller relationship is also applied and shows good results in correlating the creep rupture time with applied stress and temperature for the Crofer 22 APU steel. Fractographic and microstructural observations indicate most of the creep cavities are nucleated along grain boundaries and a greater amount of cavities are formed under high stresses.