Wear resistant solid lubricant coating made from PTFE and epoxy

A composite coating of polytetrafluoroethylene and epoxy shows 100 × improvements in wear resistance as compared to either of its constituents alone and reduced friction coefficient under testing on a pin-on-disk tribometer. This coating is made by impregnating an expanded PTFE film with epoxy, which provides three unique functions: (1) the epoxy compartmentalizes the PTFE nodes, which is believed to reduce the wear of the PTFE, (2) the epoxy increases the mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness, and (3) the epoxy provides a ready interface to bond the films onto a wide variety of substrates easily and securely. The experimental matrix had normal loads of 1–3 N, sliding speeds from 0.25 to 2.5 m/s, and used a 2.4 mm radius low carbon steel pin in a rotating pin-on-disk tribometer. The skived PTFE films had wear rates on the order of K=10^–3 mm³/Nm and friction coefficients around =0.2. Both the high density films (70 wt%PTFE) and low density films (50 wt% PTFE) had wear rates on the order of K=10^–6 mm³/Nm and friction coefficients around =0.15. The neat epoxy films showed significant scatter in the tribological measurements with wear-rates on the order of K=10^–4 mm³/Nm and friction coefficients around =0.40. The enhanced tribological behavior of these composites is believed to stem from the coatings ability to draw thin PTFE transfer films into the contact from the nodes of PTFE, which act like reservoirs. Nanoindentation mapping of the coatings and the transfer films supports this hypothesis, and accompanies scanning electron microscopy observations of the worn and unworn coatings.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND EXTENDED SOLID SOLUBILITY OF Tb IN RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Ag-Tb ALLOY

The 0,05—0.08 mm thick splat foils of Ag-Tb alloy,containing Tb up to 10 at.-%,were made by the hammer-anvil technique.The cooling rate was in order of 10~6 K/s.The metastable extension of solid solubility of Tb in the alloy was measured to be up to 5 at.-% by lattice parameter method.The secondary phase in metastable eutectic structure was identi- fied as Ag_3Tb from diffraction pattern.The microstructure and micro-defect in as-quenched Ag-Tb splat foil were also observed.     

DEVELOPMENT OF Sr_（0．69）La_（0．31）F_（2．31）＋SrSSOLID ELECTROLYTE SENSOR AND ITS APPLICATION

ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＳｒ_（０．６９）Ｌａ_（０．３１）Ｆ_（２．３１）＋ＳｒＳＳＯＬＩＤＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＬＹＴＥＳＥＮＳＯＲＡＮＤＩＴＳＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＺｈａｉ；ＹｕｃｈｕｎＭａ；ＰｉｎｇＴｉａｎ；ＹａｎｗｅｎＸｉａｏ；ＦｅｉＪｉ；Ｃｈｕｎ?..     

天然气预处理设备固体废弃物科学处置方法

介绍了一种利用燃气调压站进出口自身的压力能,对天然气预处理设备中的废弃物进行科学、环保和经济回收的方法.解决了传统废弃物处置过程中污染大气和浪费燃气的主要问题.并且通过本装置科学收集后,无甲烷排放,提升了生产效率和燃气品质,减少了对大气的污染.是固体废弃物科学处置的一种方法,可广泛使用在天然气输配领域.     

Numerical study of strain development in high-density polyethylene geomembrane liner system in landfills using a new constitutive model for municipal solid waste

Tensile strain development in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GMB) liner systems in landfills was numerically investigated. A new constitutive model for municipal solid waste (MSW) that incorporates both mechanical creep and biodegradation was employed in the analyses. The MSW constitutive model is a Cam-Clay type of plasticity model and was implemented in the finite difference computer program FLAC?. The influence of the friction angle of the liner system interfaces, the biodegradation of MSW, and the MSW filling rate on tensile strains were investigated. Several design alternatives to reduce the maximum tensile strain under both short- and long-term waste settlement were evaluated. Results of the analyses indicate that landfill geometry, interface friction angles, and short- and long-term waste settlement are key factors in the development of tensile strains. The results show that long-term waste settlement can induce additional tensile strains after waste placement is complete. Using a HDPE GMB with a friction angle on its upper interface that is lower than the friction angle on the underlying interface, increasing the number of benches, and reducing the slope inclination are shown to mitigate the maximum tensile strain caused by waste placement and waste settlement.     

生命周期评价（LCA）与固废资源化

针对固体废弃物特点和近年来固体废弃物处理情况及废弃物资源化趋势,介绍了生命周期评价（LCA）的概念及特征,具体阐述了LCA的内容及框架,探讨了将LCA应用于固废资源化决策的合理性和可行性,以促进其在环保领域的推广应用。     

Thermal conductivity estimates of intumescent chars by direct numerical simulation

The effective thermal conductivity of fully expanded intumescent chars is estimated numerically using the finite element method. Digital images are used in conjunction with information regarding total porosity from bulk and helium density measurements to construct the FE model, where one pixel of the image corresponds to one element in the model. In order to account for micro-porous inclusions (at resolutions below the digital images), a thermal conductivity sub-model is employed. This is necessary in order to restrict the number of elements in the model to a reasonable size (∼10⁷ or fewer). Corrections to account for assumed 3D structure from the observed 2D image and also radiation augmentation across pores are also used in order to obtain better estimates of effective thermal conductivity. Calculations are compared to experimental values for a wide range of temperatures and surprisingly good agreement is found, given the severe assumptions adopted in the model.     

Impact of open dumping of municipal solid waste on soil properties in mountainous region

This paper presents the effect of open dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) on soil characteristics in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The solid waste of dumpsite contains various complex characteristics with organic fractions of the highest proportions. As leachate percolates into the soil, it migrates contaminants into the soil and affects soil stability and strength. The study includes the geotechnical investigation of dump soil characteristics and its comparison with the natural soil samples taken from outside the proximity of dumpsites. The geochemical analysis of dumpsite soil samples was also carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Visual inspection revealed that the MSW consists of high fraction of organics, followed by paper. The soil samples were collected from five trial pits in the dumpsites at depths of 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m. Then the collected soil samples were subjected to specific gravity test, grain size analysis, Atterberg's limit test, compaction test, direct shear test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test and permeability analysis. The study indicated that the dumpsite soils from four study regions show decreasing trends in the values of maximum dry density (MDD), specific gravity, cohesion and CBR, and increasing permeability as compared to the natural soil. The results show that the geotechnical properties of the soils at all four study locations have been severely hampered due to contamination induced by open dumping of waste.     

冬期施工粘土实心砖砌体局部曝灰现象的控制

对冬期施工期间部分实心砖砌体局部曝灰现象进行了阐述,经研究调查,分析了实心砖砌体局部曝灰现象产生的原因,并提出了严把材料进场关、树立较强质量意识、增加检测项目等预防措施,以减少砖砌体曝灰现象的发生。     

实体比例投影结合赤平极射投影在岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用

岩体结构面的特征是影响岩质边坡稳定性的重要因素。本文以某岩质高边坡为例,通过野外实测和室内统计分析,找出边坡的优势结构面,然后在应用赤平极射投影初步判断岩质边坡稳定性的基础上,引入实体比例投影方法,对潜在不稳定岩体的规模作出评估,得出潜在不稳定岩体的体积和结构面的面积等要素,并进一步计算岩质边坡的安全系数。结果表明,实体比例投影结合赤平极射投影法能够较好地判断岩质边坡的稳定性。