专业化设计公司制定企业战略时如何考虑自身特点

专业化设计公司在我国才刚刚起步,就大型设计规划研究院按专业分成的所室成立专业设计公司之后在建立企业战略时应考虑那些自身的特点提出一些看法。     

建筑业构筑专业化运行体系的思考——专业化发展是中小建筑企业提高经济效益的有效途径

本文就中小建筑企业存在自身劣势和建筑业的发展趋势,提出了在某一有效的经济区域内,按照经济合理的原则,引导企业找准与市场的结合点及专业经营的切入点,采取灵活多样的经营方式,立足区域向专业化方向发展,积极实施大市场战略,把无所不包“小而全”的中小建筑企业通过专业化细分,优化组合成独立的专业生产经营机构,构筑建筑业专业化运行体系,以全面提高建筑企业的经济效益。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">De novo</Emphasis> Synthesis vs. Sequestration: Negatively Correlated Metabolic Traits and the Evolution of Host Plant Specialization in Cyanogenic Butterflies

Larvae of Heliconius butterflies (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) feed exclusively on cyanogenic leaves of Passiflora (passion vine). Most Heliconius manufacture cyanogenic glycosides (cyanogens) and some species sequester cyanogens from host plants. We compare ability to sequester simple monoglycoside cyclopentenyl (SMC) cyanogens and manufacture aliphatic cyanogens in 12 Heliconius species, including larvae that are specialized (single host species) and generalized (many host species). All butterflies tested higher for cyanide concentrations when reared on plants that larvae can sequester from (SMC plants) than when reared on plants that larvae do not sequester from (non-SMC plants). Specialists in the sara–sapho clade sequestered SMC cyanogens from specific host plants at seven times that of Passiflora generalists fed the same hosts. In contrast, sara–sapho clade species reared on non-SMC plants had significantly lower cyanide concentrations from de novo synthesis than generalists fed the same plants. Furthermore, cyanogen analyses indicated that Heliconius sara butterflies reared on an SMC host had a greater proportion of sequestered SMC cyanogens (95.0%) than de novo-synthesized aliphatic cyanogens (5.0%). Thus, sequestration and de novo synthesis are negatively correlated traits. Results suggest that losing the ability to synthesize cyanogens has restricted sara–sapho clade species to specific hosts containing SMC cyanogens and explains dietary restriction in this clade. We dedicate our paper to the memory of the Honorable Miriam Rothschild, F.R.S., a friend, colleague and supporter of many young scientists. Her enthusiasm and delight in chemical ecology and natural history continued to the last weeks of her life.     

实施专业化生产的一个范例

以喷丝板/头的专业化生产为例,说明了纺织器材、专件专业化生产须具备的条件:要有核心技术产品、要实施精益求精的过程技术,要有精密的检测与控制技术,生产与市场互动,这样才能把产品做好、做精、做强、做大,打造出品牌,尽到应尽的社会责任,适应战略性结构调整的需要。     

A Novel Bioassay for Yponomeuta cagnagellus Oviposition in Response to Extracts of Host and Nonhost Plant Surface Compounds

Yponomeuta cagnagellus is a phytophagous moth species specialized on Euonymus europaeus. Host discrimination by the adult female is an important aspect of host specialization and is based mainly on the distinctive secondary chemistry of host and nonhosts. This paper describes a bioassay that was developed to study the effect of isolated plant surface compounds on Yponomeuta oviposition. Adult moths recognize their hosts through chemical stimuli on the leaf or twig surface. Relatively apolar compounds extracted from the host twig surface by washing in dichlormethane do not stimulate oviposition. More polar, methanol-soluble compounds do, and this stimulation is dose dependent. Moths are able to recognize hosts solely by their surface compounds: females show a strong preference for artificial twigs treated with methanolic extracts of their hosts compared to those treated with methanolic extracts of nonhosts Crataegus monogyna and Prunus spinosa (both of which are hosts for closely related Y. padellus). Shape and surface characteristics of the oviposition substrate also influence oviposition. The substrate needs to resemble the basic form of a twig (i.e., cylindrical), and females prefer a coarse surface with irregularities over a smooth one.     

我国专业化烘烤的现状与发展方向

发展现代烟草农业是当前烟叶生产面临的新形势、新要求。如何更好、更快的建设现代烟草农业已经成为摆在烟草行业面前的一项重大课题。笔者从烘烤的角度,针对我国烟草生产现状,分析了发展专业化烘烤的背景基础和制约因素,探讨了今后的发展方向,并就如何更好的发展专业化、社会化烘烤提出了一系列的具体措施,以便尽快形成专业化烘烤体系,健全推广机制,为我国现代烟草农业的发展提供理论基础。     

基于字节码例化的程序优化原理与分析

为从根本上改善Java程序运行效率,充分发挥其跨平台和分布式计算的特点,促进网络计算更快发展,本文讨论了基于部分计值的字节码例化技术,提出了将通用的应用程序代码例化为更有效的面向领域和体系结构的机制,并实现一个面向hva字节码的部分计值器Jmix。实验表明,Jmix能有效缩短字节码长度,提高应用的运行效率。     

现代烟草农业的分工制度问题

分工制度是现代烟草农业建设的重要内容。分析了专业化分工对烟叶生产的经济性,在此基础上讨论了现代烟草农业专业化分工的适宜程度和方式。      

安全生产服务市场化供给的效率边界研究

安全生产服务的市场化供给是企业获得安全生产服务的重要途径,但我国安全生产服务市场的发展尚不完善。从专业化分工的角度来说,安全生产服务的市场化供给是企业组织生产模式决策及其交互影响的均衡结果。安全生产服务市场化供给的效率边界值是安全生产服务供给方式的转换条件。通过构建一个内生专业化水平的生产组织模式超边际分析模型能够求解出此效率边界。研究表明,安全生产服务的企业内部自制成本和交易效率对于安全生产服务的供给方式具有决定性作用。     

Improving performance through deep value profiling and specialization with code transformation

Specialization of code is used to improve the performance of the applications. However, specialization based on ineffective profiles deteriorates the performance. Existing value profiling algorithms are not yet able to address the issue of code size explosion incurred due to specialization of code. This problem can be mitigated by capturing data through profiling that would be useful for specialization of code with minimum code size.In this article, we present an approach to optimize code through value profiling and specialization with code transformation. The values of the parameters selected through an analysis of code are captured in the intervals which are automatically adapted to dynamic behavior of the application. The code is then specialized based on value profiles. The specialized code contains optimizations and may be converted back to the generalized code through a transformation. This approach facilitates the code to obtain optimizations through specialization with minimum size, and no runtime overhead.Using this approach, the experiments performed on Itanium-II (IA-64) architecture with icc compiler v 9.0 show a significant improvement in the performance of the SPEC 2000 benchmarks.