Lateralized Lexical Decision in Schizophrenia: Hemispheric Specialization and Interhemispheric Lexicality Priming.

Reports of left-hemisphere dysfunction and abnormal interhemispheric transfer in schizophrenia are mixed. The authors used a unified paradigm, the lateralized lexical decision task, to assess hemispheric specialization in word recognition, hemispheric error monitoring, and interhemispheric transfer in male, right-handed participants with schizophrenia (n=34) compared with controls (n=20). Overall, performance and error monitoring were worse in patients. However, patients like controls showed left-hemisphere superiority for lexical processing and right-hemisphere superiority for error monitoring. Only patients showed selective-interhemispheric lexicality priming for accuracy, in which performance improved when the lexical status of target and distractor stimuli presented to each hemifield was congruent. Results suggest that schizophrenia is associated with impaired monitoring and with increased interhemispheric automatic information transfer rather than with changed hemispheric specialization for language or error monitoring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A test of the adaptive specialization hypothesis: Population differences in caching, memory, and the hippocampus in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla).

To test the hypothesis that accurate cache recovery is more critical for birds that live in harsh conditions where the food supply is limited and unpredictable, the authors compared food caching, memory, and the hippocampus of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) from Alaska and Colorado. Under identical laboratory conditions, Alaska chickadees (a) cached significantly more food; (b) were more efficient at cache recovery; (c) performed more accurately on one-trial associative learning tasks in which birds had to rely on spatial memory, but did not differ when tested on a nonspatial version of this task; and (d) had significantly larger hippocampal volumes containing more neurons compared with Colorado chickadees. The results support the hypothesis that these population differences may reflect adaptations to a harsh environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transactive memory in organizational groups: The effects of content, consensus, specialization, and accuracy on group performance.

Previous research on transactive memory has found a positive relationship between transactive memory system development and group performance in single project laboratory and ad hoc groups. Closely related research on shared mental models and expertise recognition supports these findings. In this study, the author examined the relationship between transactive memory systems and performance in mature, continuing groups. A group's transactive memory system, measured as a combination of knowledge stock, knowledge specialization, transactive memory consensus, and transactive memory accuracy, is positively related to group goal performance, external group evaluations, and internal group evaluations. The positive relationship with group performance was found to hold for both task and external relationship transactive memory systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dichotic ear advantages in adults with Down's syndrome predict speech production errors.

Intellectually challenged adults, with and without Down's syndrome (DS), pointed to drawings of animals following the dichotic presentation of animal names. Although there were no reliable ear differences between the 2 groups, there was tremendous between-persons variability within the group of participants with DS. Moreover, left-ear advantages in persons with DS were associated with more speech production errors when participants either read or repeated a string of 1 syllable words. This was not true for control participants. The relationship between ear advantage and speech errors in persons with DS could reflect their unique pattern of cerebral specialization and brain development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

LISP语言的增量式部分求值器

部分求值在软件优化中有着重要的作用，而增量式计算是避免重复计算的一种技术．本文基于部分求值和增量式计算的技术，实现了一个ＬＩＳＰ语言的增量武部分求值器，使得函数例化尽量在前次已经产生的剩余程序的基础上进行，从而很好地提高了效率．     

浅谈国有企业设备维修管理体制改革

随着市场经济的快速发展和企业装备技术水平的不断提高，国有企业在计划经济体制下形成的设备管理制度已不能适应的现阶段形势的发展要求。本以临钢为例指出了国有企业现有的设备维修管理体制的弊病，论述了改革的必要性和必然性，并指明改革应走社会化和专业化道路。     

基于成组技术的钢筋工程专业化施工

由于分散生产、专业化程度不高 ,钢筋工程长期以来一直是现浇混凝土结构施工中工作效率低、劳动强度大的一个工序。本文探讨了实现钢筋工程专业化施工的一条可行途径 :利用在制造业中业已成熟的成组技术改造建筑业传统分散的钢筋工程施工模式 ,通过建立为多个施工现场提供成品钢筋的综合加工厂 ,利用不同类型的钢筋在加工过程中的相似性 ,对钢筋分类成组 ,组织大批量生产 ,按照订单将成品钢筋运往施工现场 ,从而实现提高工效、降低成本的目的。在此基础上 ,可组建专业化的钢筋工程公司 ,从事钢筋工程的专业化分包 ,其业务可以涵盖钢筋工程的施工全过程 :从原料采购、钢筋成型与运输、直至成品钢筋的绑扎安装。相对于传统的钢筋工程施工模式 ,专业化的钢筋工程公司具备更强的市场竞争力 ,可以向承包商提供更好的产品与服务     

专业化是行业发展的必然规律——耀华专业化发展感受析

耀华"专做仪表,做好仪表"适应了衡器市场迅猛发展的需要,也是衡器市场企业之间的专业化使然;耀华坚持专业化的核心促进了企业职能的专业化,企业个人的专业化,使个人在企业中实现了最大的价值,更使企业获得了可持续发展的源源动力.专业化理念的深化将使耀华获得更多的综合竞争优势.     

浅谈工程项目实施过程中的规范管理

近几年来,我国加强了工程建设项目的管理,出台了一系列规章制度,不断完善了相关法规,保证了基本建设健康发展。但不少工程项目管理工作不到位,严重影响投资目标的经济效益完全实现。文章从施工阶段项目管理的角度认真分析了现状及控制要点,提出了项目管理要向专业化发展。     

A measure for identifying substantial geographic concentrations

Regional industrial policy emphasizes the notion of building on existing concentrations of competitive firms. A range of measures to identify such concentrations has been put forward in the literature. These measures, however, do not identify substantial concentrations which have the best potential for further development, tend to concentrate on scale measured by employment, and are applied using data for pre‐specified administrative boundaries. This paper presents a new concentration index that identifies substantial concentrations and utilizes information on both the number and size of plants. It also proposes a method for generating relevant industry‐specific spatial units.